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DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLINITY INDEX OF CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENTS IN HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) WOODY CORE BY MEANS OF FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 86 - 93, 20.03.2011

Öz

In this study; it was investigated chemical compositions of hemp woody core and changes in crystallinity index of its carbohydrate components by using FT-IR spectroscopy was investigated. It was determined that carbohyrate components ratio in hemp woody core were similar to that in hard wood, but lignin content in hemp woody core was higher than in hard wood. Crystallinity index of carbohydrate components in hemp woody core increased by removing amorphous components. It was designated that monoclinic structure in hemp woody core and its carbohydrate components was dominant, but triclinic ratio increased by treated chemical isolation of carbohydrate from hemp woody core.

Kaynakça

  • Pate, D.W., Chemical Ecology of Cannabis, Journal of The International Hemp Association, 2 (29) (1994) 32-37.
  • Zeybek, N., Zeybek, U., Farmasötik Botanik, Ege Üniversitesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları No: 2, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, Bornova, İzmir, 1994.
  • Johnson, P., Industrial Hemp: A Critical Review of Claimed Potential for Cannabis sativa, Tappi Journal, 82 (7) (1999).
  • Demir, H., Kendir (Cannabis sativa L.) Soymuk Liflerinden Soda-Oksijen Töntemi İle Kağıt Hamuru Üretim Koşullarının Belirlenmesi, K.T.Ü Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Şubat 1996, Trabzon.
  • Horkay, E., Bocza, I., Objective Basis for Evaluation of Differences in Fibre Quality Between Male and Female and Monoecious Hemp, Journal of The International Hemp Association, 3 (2) (1996) 67-68.
  • Capelle, A., Hemp: Specialty Crop for The Paper Industry, In Progress in New Crops, Ed: J. Janick, ASHS Press, Arlington, 1996.
  • Abel, L., Marihuana, The First Twelve Thousand Years, Plenum Press, 289, New York, 1980.
  • TAPPI Standarts, Official Test Methods Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry, U.S.A 1992.
  • Eroğlu, H., O2-NaOH Yöntemiyle Buğday Saplarından Kağıt Hamuru Elde Edebilme Olanaklarının Araştırılması, Doçentlik Tezi, Trabzon, 1980.
  • Gümüşkaya, E., Kendir Soymuk Liflerinden Asidik ve Alkali Ortamlarda Üretilen Kağıt Hamurlarının Kimyasal ve Kristal Yapı Özellikleri, K.T.Ü Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2002.
  • DeGroot, B., VanZuilichem, D.J., Van Der Zwann, The Use of Nonwood Fibres Pulping, Pulp and Papermaking Conference, Beijing, China, 216, 1988.
  • Krotov, V.S., Use of AAS Pulping for Flax and Hemp Shieves, Journal of The International Hemp Association, 3 (1) (1995) 16-18.
  • Ritcher, U., Strukturanderungen von cellulose durch alkali behandlung: physikalissche und chemische beurteilungmethoden, Doktora Thesis, 1991.
  • Evans, R., Newman, R.H., Roick, U., Suckling, I.D., Wallis, AFA., Changes in cellulose crystallinity during kraft pulping. Comparison of infrared, x-ray diffraction and solid state NMR results. Holzforschung, 49 (1995) 498-504.
  • Akerholm. M., Hinterstoisser B. Salmen L. Characterization of the crystalline structure of cellulose using static and dynamic FT-IR spectroscopy, Carbohydrate Research, 339 (2004) 569-578.
  • Tripp, V.W., Mesurement of Crystallinity, In: Cellulose and cellulose derivatives, In: Bikales M., Segal L., Wiley Interscience., p. 305-323, New York, 1971.
  • Focher, B., Palma, M.T., Canetti, M., Torri, G., Cosentino, C., Gastaldi, G., Structural Differences Between Non-wood Plant Celluloses: Evidence From Solid State NMR, Vibratioanl Spectroscopy and X-Ray Spectroscopy, Industrial Crops and Products, 13 (2001) 193-208.
  • Imai, T., Sugiyama, J., Nanodomains of Iα and Iβ Cellulose in Algal Microfibrils, Macromolecules, 31 (1998) 6275-6279.
  • Jarvis, M.C., Interconversion of Iα and Iβ Crystalline Forms of Cellulose by Bending, CarbohydrateResearch, 325 (2000) 150-154.
  • Hinterstoiser, B., Salmen, L., Two-dimensional step-scan FTIR: a tool to unravel the OH-valency-range of the spectrum of Cellulose I, Cellulose, 6 (1999) 251-263.
  • Wada, M., Sugiyama, J., Okano, T., Native Celluloses on the Basis of Two Crystalline Phase (Iα/Iβ) System, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 49 (1993) 1491-1496.
  • Colom, X., Carillo, F., Nogues, F., Garriga, P., Structural Analyses of Photodegraded Wood By Means of FTIR Spectroscopy, Polymer Degaradation and Stability, 80 (2003) 543-549.

KENDİR ODUNSU ÖZ KISMINDAN ELDE EDİLEN KARBONHİDRAT BİLEŞENLERİNİN KRİSTAL YAPI ÖZELLİKLERİNİN FT-IR SPEKTROSKOPİSİ YÖNTEMİYLE BELİRLENMESİ

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 86 - 93, 20.03.2011

Öz

Bu çalışmada kendir odunsu öz kısmının kimyasal analizleri  gerçekleştirilmiş olup, karbonhidrat bileşenlerinin kristallik indeks değerleri FT-IR spektroskopi yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. 
Elde edilen bulgularda kendir odunsu öz kısmının karbonhidrat bileşenleri bakımından yapraklı ağaç odununa benzer olduğu ancak lignin oranın oldukça yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler
sonucunda uygulanan saflaştırma işlemleri sırasında kendir odunsu öz kısmı bünyesinde yer alan amorf yapılı bileşenlerin uzaklaştırılmasına bağlı olarak kristallik indeks değerlerinde artış olduğu görülmüştür. Kristal yapı olarak da monoklinik yapının kullanılan örnekler içerisinde baskın halde bulunduğu ancak uygulanan kimyasal saflaştırma işlemleri sırasında triklinik yapı oranında az  da olsa bir artış olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Pate, D.W., Chemical Ecology of Cannabis, Journal of The International Hemp Association, 2 (29) (1994) 32-37.
  • Zeybek, N., Zeybek, U., Farmasötik Botanik, Ege Üniversitesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları No: 2, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, Bornova, İzmir, 1994.
  • Johnson, P., Industrial Hemp: A Critical Review of Claimed Potential for Cannabis sativa, Tappi Journal, 82 (7) (1999).
  • Demir, H., Kendir (Cannabis sativa L.) Soymuk Liflerinden Soda-Oksijen Töntemi İle Kağıt Hamuru Üretim Koşullarının Belirlenmesi, K.T.Ü Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Şubat 1996, Trabzon.
  • Horkay, E., Bocza, I., Objective Basis for Evaluation of Differences in Fibre Quality Between Male and Female and Monoecious Hemp, Journal of The International Hemp Association, 3 (2) (1996) 67-68.
  • Capelle, A., Hemp: Specialty Crop for The Paper Industry, In Progress in New Crops, Ed: J. Janick, ASHS Press, Arlington, 1996.
  • Abel, L., Marihuana, The First Twelve Thousand Years, Plenum Press, 289, New York, 1980.
  • TAPPI Standarts, Official Test Methods Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry, U.S.A 1992.
  • Eroğlu, H., O2-NaOH Yöntemiyle Buğday Saplarından Kağıt Hamuru Elde Edebilme Olanaklarının Araştırılması, Doçentlik Tezi, Trabzon, 1980.
  • Gümüşkaya, E., Kendir Soymuk Liflerinden Asidik ve Alkali Ortamlarda Üretilen Kağıt Hamurlarının Kimyasal ve Kristal Yapı Özellikleri, K.T.Ü Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2002.
  • DeGroot, B., VanZuilichem, D.J., Van Der Zwann, The Use of Nonwood Fibres Pulping, Pulp and Papermaking Conference, Beijing, China, 216, 1988.
  • Krotov, V.S., Use of AAS Pulping for Flax and Hemp Shieves, Journal of The International Hemp Association, 3 (1) (1995) 16-18.
  • Ritcher, U., Strukturanderungen von cellulose durch alkali behandlung: physikalissche und chemische beurteilungmethoden, Doktora Thesis, 1991.
  • Evans, R., Newman, R.H., Roick, U., Suckling, I.D., Wallis, AFA., Changes in cellulose crystallinity during kraft pulping. Comparison of infrared, x-ray diffraction and solid state NMR results. Holzforschung, 49 (1995) 498-504.
  • Akerholm. M., Hinterstoisser B. Salmen L. Characterization of the crystalline structure of cellulose using static and dynamic FT-IR spectroscopy, Carbohydrate Research, 339 (2004) 569-578.
  • Tripp, V.W., Mesurement of Crystallinity, In: Cellulose and cellulose derivatives, In: Bikales M., Segal L., Wiley Interscience., p. 305-323, New York, 1971.
  • Focher, B., Palma, M.T., Canetti, M., Torri, G., Cosentino, C., Gastaldi, G., Structural Differences Between Non-wood Plant Celluloses: Evidence From Solid State NMR, Vibratioanl Spectroscopy and X-Ray Spectroscopy, Industrial Crops and Products, 13 (2001) 193-208.
  • Imai, T., Sugiyama, J., Nanodomains of Iα and Iβ Cellulose in Algal Microfibrils, Macromolecules, 31 (1998) 6275-6279.
  • Jarvis, M.C., Interconversion of Iα and Iβ Crystalline Forms of Cellulose by Bending, CarbohydrateResearch, 325 (2000) 150-154.
  • Hinterstoiser, B., Salmen, L., Two-dimensional step-scan FTIR: a tool to unravel the OH-valency-range of the spectrum of Cellulose I, Cellulose, 6 (1999) 251-263.
  • Wada, M., Sugiyama, J., Okano, T., Native Celluloses on the Basis of Two Crystalline Phase (Iα/Iβ) System, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 49 (1993) 1491-1496.
  • Colom, X., Carillo, F., Nogues, F., Garriga, P., Structural Analyses of Photodegraded Wood By Means of FTIR Spectroscopy, Polymer Degaradation and Stability, 80 (2003) 543-549.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Eski Sayılar
Yazarlar

Esat Gümüşkaya

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Mart 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2005Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gümüşkaya, E. (2011). DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLINITY INDEX OF CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENTS IN HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) WOODY CORE BY MEANS OF FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 86-93.
AMA Gümüşkaya E. DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLINITY INDEX OF CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENTS IN HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) WOODY CORE BY MEANS OF FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY. AÇÜOFD. Mart 2011;6(1):86-93.
Chicago Gümüşkaya, Esat. “DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLINITY INDEX OF CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENTS IN HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) WOODY CORE BY MEANS OF FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 6, sy. 1 (Mart 2011): 86-93.
EndNote Gümüşkaya E (01 Mart 2011) DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLINITY INDEX OF CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENTS IN HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) WOODY CORE BY MEANS OF FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 6 1 86–93.
IEEE E. Gümüşkaya, “DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLINITY INDEX OF CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENTS IN HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) WOODY CORE BY MEANS OF FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY”, AÇÜOFD, c. 6, sy. 1, ss. 86–93, 2011.
ISNAD Gümüşkaya, Esat. “DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLINITY INDEX OF CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENTS IN HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) WOODY CORE BY MEANS OF FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 6/1 (Mart 2011), 86-93.
JAMA Gümüşkaya E. DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLINITY INDEX OF CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENTS IN HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) WOODY CORE BY MEANS OF FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY. AÇÜOFD. 2011;6:86–93.
MLA Gümüşkaya, Esat. “DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLINITY INDEX OF CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENTS IN HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) WOODY CORE BY MEANS OF FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 1, 2011, ss. 86-93.
Vancouver Gümüşkaya E. DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLINITY INDEX OF CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENTS IN HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) WOODY CORE BY MEANS OF FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY. AÇÜOFD. 2011;6(1):86-93.
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