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Evaluation of Potential Nutritional Problems and Fertility Status of the Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Grown Soils of Artvin Province

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 225 - 238, 19.05.2013

Öz

This research was carried out to determine nutritional problems and soil fertility status of alfalfa grown soils in Artvin Region. For this objective, 78 soil samples were collected from intensive alfalfa cultivation area and used as material. Texture, pH, EC, CaCO3, organic matter, available P, total N, extractable K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn analysis were done in soil samples and results of them were compared with threshold values. According to obtained results, texture, soil reaction, lime content and salt status were detected as clay loam, sandy clay loam and sandy loam, neutral reaction in 55.13% of samples, low lime content in 58.97% of samples and non salt problem, respectively. In addition, it was determined that most of the soil samples have enough sufficient level in terms of organic matter and total N whereas, 58.97% of samples has insufficient available P and 39.75% of samples has not enough concentration about extractable K. Moreover, extractable Ca, Mg and Na of soils varied between 48-9976, 134-830 and 18-240 mg kg-1 respectively while, it was found sufficient level in terms of extractable Fe, Cu, Zn in soils. As for B and Mn concentration of soils, 46.16% of soils investigated for this research has insufficient extractable B content and 16.67% of soils has also insufficient extractable Mn concentration.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Rahman EM, Abu-Suwar AO (2012) Effect of seeding rate on growth and yield of two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars. International Journal of Sudan Research Vol. 2, No. 2
  • Açıkgöz E (2001) Yem bitkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Güçlendirme Vakfı Yayın No: 182, 41-66
  • Adams F, Pearson RW (1984) Crop responses to lime in the southern united states. In: Adams, F., Eds. Soil Acidity and Liming. Madison, American Society of Agronomy, P.212-265
  • Anonim (2012) Tarım istatistikleri özeti 2011. TÜİK, Yayın No: 3878, Ankara
  • Anonim (2013) T.C. Artvin Valiliği İl Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Müdürlüğü faaliyet raporu 20( http://www.artvintarim.gov.tr/brifing_faal iyet_raporlari/ ) (Erişim Tarihi: 13 Mayıs 2013)
  • Anonymous (1951) Soli survey staff, 1951. Soil Survey Manuel, Agricultural Research Administration U.S. Dept.of Agriculture Handbook. No.18, Gount Point Office Washington. 340-377 p
  • Anonymous (1982) Methods of soil analysis-part II. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Agronomy Monograph No:9: 323-336, ASASSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
  • Anonymous (1986) Methods of soil analysis-part I. Physical and Mineralogical Properties, 2nd ed. ASA-SSSA, Agronomy Nomograph No:9, Madison, WI
  • Anonymous (1990) Micronutrient, assessment at the country level: An International Study. FAO, Soils Bulletin by Mikko Sillanpaa, Rome
  • Berg WK, Cunningham SM, Brouder SM, Joern BC, Johnson KD, Santini JB, Volence JJ (2007) The long term impact of phosphorus and potassium fertilization on alfalfa yield and yield components. Crop Sci., 47:2198-2209
  • Bernardi ACC, Rassini JB, Mendonça FC, Ferreira RP (2013) Alfalfa dry matter yield, nutritional status and economic analysis of potassium fertilizer doses and frequency. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, Vol., 4 (3), 389-398
  • Bernstein L (1961) Osmotic adjustment of plants to saline media. I. Steady State. Amer. J. Bot. 48:909-918
  • Brauer D, Ritchey D, Belesky D (2002) Effect of lime and calcium on root development and nodulation of clovers. Crop Sci., 42: 1640-1646
  • Chen L, Dick WA, Nelson S (2001) Flue gas desulfurization by-products additions to acid soil: Productivity and environmental quality. Environ. Pollut., 114: 161-168
  • Chew BP (1993) Effects of supplemental betacarotene and vitamin a on reproduction in swine. J. Anim. Sci., 71: 247-252
  • Dineshkumar SP (2007) Effect of fertilizer levels and seed rates on growth, forage yield and quality of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) under irrigation. Master of Science (Agriculture). Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture, Dharwad University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
  • Donahue RL, Shickluna JC, Robertson LS (1971) Soils-an introduction to soil and plant growth. Third Edition.Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., USA
  • Dordas C (2006) Foliar boron application improves seed set, seed yield, and seed quality of alfalfa. Agron. J. 98: 907-913
  • Du WH, Tian XH, Zhi ZC, Humphries A (2009) Effects of micronutrients on seed yield and yield components of alfalfa. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 32: 809-820
  • Dugalić G, Gajić B, Bokan N, Jelić M, Tomić Z, Dragović R (2012) Liming increases alfalfa yield and crude protein content in an acidic silty loam soil. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(53), Pp. 11552-11558
  • Edmeades DC, Ridley AM (2003) Using lime to ameliorate topsoil and subsoil acidity. In: Rengel Z., Ed. Handbook of Soil Acidity. New York, Marcel Dekker, P.297-336
  • Fageria NK (2009) The use of nutrients in crop plants. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 430 p
  • Fageria NK, Baligar VC (2003) Fertility management of tropical acid soil for sustainable crop production. In: Rengel, Z., Ed. Handbook of Soil Acidity. New York, Marcel Dekker, P.359-385
  • Fageria NK, Baligar VC (2008) Ameliorating soil acidity of tropical oxisols by liming for sustainable crop production. Adv. Agron., 99:345-431 Frame J (2005) Medicago sativa L .. Grassland Index. A Searchable Catalogue of Grass and Forage Legumes
  • Gençkan MS (1992) Yembitkileri tarımı. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 467, Bornova-İzmir, 519 s
  • Grewal HS, Williams R (2003a) Liming and cultivars affect root growth, nodulation, leaf to stem ratio, herbage yield, and elemental composition of alfalfa on an acid soil. J. Plant Nutr. 26: 1683-1696
  • Grewal HS, Williams R (2003b) Potassium fertilizer improves the growth and performance of dryland lucerne. Update of Research in Progress at the Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Pp. 9596
  • Gupta UC, Jame YW, Campbell CA, Leyshon AJ, Nicholaichuls W (1985) Boron toxicity and deficiency: A Review. Can. J. Soil Sci. 65:381409
  • Hasler A, Maurizio A (1987) Die wirkung von bor auf samenansatz und nektarsekretion bei raps ( Brassica napus L .). Phytopathol. Z 15:193 20(Cited From Gupta, 2007)
  • Hauptvogel R (2003) Strategy of lucerne breeding and in abiotic stress. Chech. J. Genet. Plant Breed., 39: 163-167
  • Heckman J (2009) Soil fertility recommendations for alfalfa. Bulletin E321, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and County Boards of Chosen Freeholders
  • Hughes HD, Metcalfe DS (1972) Crop production. Macmillan Publishing Co., 627 p, New York
  • Jackson ML (1958) Soil chemical analysis, PrenticeHall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, N.J
  • Kacar B (2009) Toprak analizleri (Genişletilmiş 2. Baskı). Nobel Yayınları No: 1387, ISBN: 978605-395-184-1, Ankara
  • Kandaswamy P, Muthuswamy P, Krishnamoorthy KK (1977) Influence of potash and phosphorus on dry matter yield and uptake of nutrients by lucerne. Madras Agricultural Journal, 64(7): 454-456
  • Khot AB, Yaragattikar AT, Patil BN (1997) Effect of irrigation scheduling and phosphorus levels on green forage yield of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.).
  • Indian Journal of Agronomy, 42(3): 544-546 Koenig RT, Barnhill JV (2006) Potassium management in alfalfa: A summary of eight years of research in an arid environment. 36th Western Alfalfa & Forage Symposium. http://alfalfa.ucdavis.edu/+symposium/proceedi ngs/2006/06-163.pdf
  • Lancaster DL, Orloff SB (1997) Site selection. Pp. 3- In: S.B. Orloff and H.L. Carlson, eds., Intermountain Alfalfa Management. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Oakland. Publication 3366
  • Lanyon LE, Griffith WK (1988) Nutrition and fertilizer Use. In: AA, Barnes DK, Hill Junior RR. Alfalfa and Alfalfa Improvement. In: Hanson American Society of Agronomy, Madison, P.333-372
  • Lathwell DJ, Reid WS (1984) Crop response to lime in the Northeastern United States. In: Adams, F., Ed. Soil Acidity and Liming. Madison, American Society of Agronomy, p.305-332
  • Lindsay WL, Norvell WA (1969) Development of a DTPA micronutrient soil test. Soil Sci. Am. Proc., 35:600-602
  • Lindsay WL, Norvell WA (1978) Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 42(3):421-428
  • Loue AT (1968) Diagnostic petiolaire des prospectian etudes sur la nutrition at la fertilization potassiques de la vigne. Societe Commerciale Des Potasses d’Alsace. Services Agronomiques, 31-41
  • Lutz JrJA (1973) Alfalfa response to P and K fertilization. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science, 21(1): 63-69
  • Manga İ, Acar Z, Ayan İ (1995) Baklagil yem bitkileri. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fak., Ders Notu No: 7, Samsun
  • Marino L, Berardo K (2005) Alfalfa forage production under different phosphorus supply strategies. Better Crops With Plant Food, 89(4): 22-25
  • Mauriès M (2003) Luzerne: Culture, Récolte, Conservation, Utilisation. France Agricole Editions
  • Moreira A, Carvalho JG, Evangelista AR (1999) Influence of calcium: Magnesium ratio in limestone on nodulation, dry matter yield and mineral composition of alfalfa. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 34:249-255
  • Moreira A, Fageria NK (2010) Liming influence on soil chemical properties, nutritional status and yield of alfalfa grown in acid soil. R. Bras. Ci. Solo, 34:1231-1239
  • Murphy WM, Johnson MJ (1977) Principles of alfalfa production in Central Oregon. Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State University, Corvallis, Special Report 483
  • Orloff SB (2007) Choosing appropriate sites for alfalfa production. In C.G. Summers and D.H. Putnam, eds., Irrigated Alfalfa Management for Mediterranean and Desert Zones. Chapter 2. Oakland: University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 8288. See: http://alfalfa.ucdavis.edu/IrrigatedAlfalfa
  • Patel DB, Patel CL, Kaswala RR, Parmar HC (2004) Effect of irrigation scheduling and phosphorus on green fodder yield of lucerne. Forage Research, 29(4): 192-194
  • Peters JB, Kelling KA, Speth PE, Offer SM (2005) Alfalfa yield and nutrient uptake as affected by pH and applied K. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 36: 583-596
  • Pizer NH (1967) Some advisory aspect. Soil Potassium and Magnesium. Tech. Bull. No.14:184
  • Radovic J, Sokolovic D, Markovic J (2009) Alfalfamost important perennial forage legume in animal husbandry. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 25, 465-475
  • Rando EM, Silveira RI (1995) Desenvolvimento da alfafa em diferentes níveis de acidez, potássio e enxofre no solo. R Bras Ci Solo 19: 235-242
  • Rassini JB, Freitas AR (1998) Desenvolvimento da alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) sob diferentes doses de adubação potássica. R Bras Zootec 27: 487-490
  • Rhykerd CL, Overdahl CJ (1972) Nutrition and fertilizer use. In C. H. Hanson (Ed.) Alfalfa Science and Technology. Agronomy 15:4374 Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, Wis
  • Richards LA (1954) Diagnosis and improvement saline and alkaline soils. U.S. Dep. Agr. Handbook 60
  • Shah MH, Singh KN, Kachroo D, Khanday BA (1991) Performance lucerne and sainfoin under different cuttings and levels of phosphorus. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 36: 61-66
  • Singh V, Singh VP, Kwatra J, Singh BB (1998) Effect of phosphorus and cutting interval on yield and quality of lucerne under rainfed lower hill of U.P. Forage Research, 23(3&4): 215-216 Smith D (1975) Effect of potassium topdressing a low fertility silt loam soil on alfalfa herbage yields and composition and on soil K. Agron J., 67: 60-64
  • Suttie JM (2000) Hay crops-legumes and pulses. In: Hay and Straw Conservation-For Small-Scale Farming and Pastoral Conditions. FAO Plant Production and Protection Series No. 29, FAO, Rome
  • Terzić D (2010) Uticaj vremena kosidbe, đubrenja, mikroelementima i regulatorima rasta na pronos i kvalitet semena lucerke
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  • Vučković S (1994) Uticaj načina setve i đubrenja borom i cinkom na prinos i kvalitet semena. Doktorska Disertacija. Poljoprivredni Fakultet Beograd
  • Wasserman VD, Van Den Berg M (1990) Comparative response of lucerne ( Medicago sativa L .) and sanifoin (Onobrychis viviaefolia Scop.) to application of P, K and lime. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 7: 76-80
  • Widyati Slamet S, Anwar S, Widjajanto DW (2012) Growth with of alfalfa mutant in different nitrogen fertilizer and defoliation intensity. Internat. J. of Sci. And Eng., Vol. 3(2):9-11
  • Wolf B (1971) The determination of boron soil extracts, plant materials, composts, manuresi water and nutrient solutions. Soil Sci. and Plant Anal. 2 (5): 363-374
  • Zhang T, Wang X, Han J, Wang Y, Mao P, Majerus M (2008) Effects of between-row and withinrow spacing on alfalfa seed yields. Crop Sci., 48:794-803

Artvin İlinde Yonca (Medicago sativa L.) Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Verimlilik Durumu ve Potansiyel Beslenme Problemlerinin Ortaya Konulması

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 225 - 238, 19.05.2013

Öz

Bu çalışma, Artvin yöresinde yonca tarımı yapılan toprakların bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerini incelemek ve bitki besleme ile ilgili sorunlarını belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Yonca yetiştiriciliğinin yoğun olduğu ilçelerdeki tarım topraklarından alınan 78 adet toprak örneği materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Toprak örneklerinde, bünye, pH, EC, kireç, organik madde, alınabilir P, toplam N, ekstrakte edilebilir K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Fe, Cu, Zn ve Mn analizleri yapılmış ve analiz sonuçları sınır değerleri ile karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; yonca tarımı yapılan toprakların genel olarak killi tın, tın, kumlu killi tın ve kumlu tın bünyeye sahip, % 55.13’ü nötr reaksiyonlu, % 58.97’si az kireçli olduğu ve tuzluluk sorunun bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir. Büyük çoğunluğu yeterli düzeyde organik madde ve toplam N içeren toprakların, incelenen örneklerin % 58.97’sinde alınabilir P, % 39.75’înde ekstrakte edilebilir K yetersiz bulunmuştur. Toprakların ekstrakte edilebilir Ca, Mg ve Na içerikleri sırasıyla 48-9976, 134-830 ve 18-240 mg kg-1 arasında değişmekte olup, ekstrakte edilebilir Fe, Cu ve Zn yönünden yonca topraklarının yeterli düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. İncelenen toprakların % 46.16’sında ekstrakte edilebilir B, % 16.67’sinde ise ekstrakte edilebilir Mn noksanlığı görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Rahman EM, Abu-Suwar AO (2012) Effect of seeding rate on growth and yield of two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars. International Journal of Sudan Research Vol. 2, No. 2
  • Açıkgöz E (2001) Yem bitkileri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Güçlendirme Vakfı Yayın No: 182, 41-66
  • Adams F, Pearson RW (1984) Crop responses to lime in the southern united states. In: Adams, F., Eds. Soil Acidity and Liming. Madison, American Society of Agronomy, P.212-265
  • Anonim (2012) Tarım istatistikleri özeti 2011. TÜİK, Yayın No: 3878, Ankara
  • Anonim (2013) T.C. Artvin Valiliği İl Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Müdürlüğü faaliyet raporu 20( http://www.artvintarim.gov.tr/brifing_faal iyet_raporlari/ ) (Erişim Tarihi: 13 Mayıs 2013)
  • Anonymous (1951) Soli survey staff, 1951. Soil Survey Manuel, Agricultural Research Administration U.S. Dept.of Agriculture Handbook. No.18, Gount Point Office Washington. 340-377 p
  • Anonymous (1982) Methods of soil analysis-part II. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Agronomy Monograph No:9: 323-336, ASASSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
  • Anonymous (1986) Methods of soil analysis-part I. Physical and Mineralogical Properties, 2nd ed. ASA-SSSA, Agronomy Nomograph No:9, Madison, WI
  • Anonymous (1990) Micronutrient, assessment at the country level: An International Study. FAO, Soils Bulletin by Mikko Sillanpaa, Rome
  • Berg WK, Cunningham SM, Brouder SM, Joern BC, Johnson KD, Santini JB, Volence JJ (2007) The long term impact of phosphorus and potassium fertilization on alfalfa yield and yield components. Crop Sci., 47:2198-2209
  • Bernardi ACC, Rassini JB, Mendonça FC, Ferreira RP (2013) Alfalfa dry matter yield, nutritional status and economic analysis of potassium fertilizer doses and frequency. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, Vol., 4 (3), 389-398
  • Bernstein L (1961) Osmotic adjustment of plants to saline media. I. Steady State. Amer. J. Bot. 48:909-918
  • Brauer D, Ritchey D, Belesky D (2002) Effect of lime and calcium on root development and nodulation of clovers. Crop Sci., 42: 1640-1646
  • Chen L, Dick WA, Nelson S (2001) Flue gas desulfurization by-products additions to acid soil: Productivity and environmental quality. Environ. Pollut., 114: 161-168
  • Chew BP (1993) Effects of supplemental betacarotene and vitamin a on reproduction in swine. J. Anim. Sci., 71: 247-252
  • Dineshkumar SP (2007) Effect of fertilizer levels and seed rates on growth, forage yield and quality of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) under irrigation. Master of Science (Agriculture). Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture, Dharwad University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad
  • Donahue RL, Shickluna JC, Robertson LS (1971) Soils-an introduction to soil and plant growth. Third Edition.Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., USA
  • Dordas C (2006) Foliar boron application improves seed set, seed yield, and seed quality of alfalfa. Agron. J. 98: 907-913
  • Du WH, Tian XH, Zhi ZC, Humphries A (2009) Effects of micronutrients on seed yield and yield components of alfalfa. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 32: 809-820
  • Dugalić G, Gajić B, Bokan N, Jelić M, Tomić Z, Dragović R (2012) Liming increases alfalfa yield and crude protein content in an acidic silty loam soil. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(53), Pp. 11552-11558
  • Edmeades DC, Ridley AM (2003) Using lime to ameliorate topsoil and subsoil acidity. In: Rengel Z., Ed. Handbook of Soil Acidity. New York, Marcel Dekker, P.297-336
  • Fageria NK (2009) The use of nutrients in crop plants. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 430 p
  • Fageria NK, Baligar VC (2003) Fertility management of tropical acid soil for sustainable crop production. In: Rengel, Z., Ed. Handbook of Soil Acidity. New York, Marcel Dekker, P.359-385
  • Fageria NK, Baligar VC (2008) Ameliorating soil acidity of tropical oxisols by liming for sustainable crop production. Adv. Agron., 99:345-431 Frame J (2005) Medicago sativa L .. Grassland Index. A Searchable Catalogue of Grass and Forage Legumes
  • Gençkan MS (1992) Yembitkileri tarımı. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 467, Bornova-İzmir, 519 s
  • Grewal HS, Williams R (2003a) Liming and cultivars affect root growth, nodulation, leaf to stem ratio, herbage yield, and elemental composition of alfalfa on an acid soil. J. Plant Nutr. 26: 1683-1696
  • Grewal HS, Williams R (2003b) Potassium fertilizer improves the growth and performance of dryland lucerne. Update of Research in Progress at the Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Pp. 9596
  • Gupta UC, Jame YW, Campbell CA, Leyshon AJ, Nicholaichuls W (1985) Boron toxicity and deficiency: A Review. Can. J. Soil Sci. 65:381409
  • Hasler A, Maurizio A (1987) Die wirkung von bor auf samenansatz und nektarsekretion bei raps ( Brassica napus L .). Phytopathol. Z 15:193 20(Cited From Gupta, 2007)
  • Hauptvogel R (2003) Strategy of lucerne breeding and in abiotic stress. Chech. J. Genet. Plant Breed., 39: 163-167
  • Heckman J (2009) Soil fertility recommendations for alfalfa. Bulletin E321, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and County Boards of Chosen Freeholders
  • Hughes HD, Metcalfe DS (1972) Crop production. Macmillan Publishing Co., 627 p, New York
  • Jackson ML (1958) Soil chemical analysis, PrenticeHall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, N.J
  • Kacar B (2009) Toprak analizleri (Genişletilmiş 2. Baskı). Nobel Yayınları No: 1387, ISBN: 978605-395-184-1, Ankara
  • Kandaswamy P, Muthuswamy P, Krishnamoorthy KK (1977) Influence of potash and phosphorus on dry matter yield and uptake of nutrients by lucerne. Madras Agricultural Journal, 64(7): 454-456
  • Khot AB, Yaragattikar AT, Patil BN (1997) Effect of irrigation scheduling and phosphorus levels on green forage yield of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.).
  • Indian Journal of Agronomy, 42(3): 544-546 Koenig RT, Barnhill JV (2006) Potassium management in alfalfa: A summary of eight years of research in an arid environment. 36th Western Alfalfa & Forage Symposium. http://alfalfa.ucdavis.edu/+symposium/proceedi ngs/2006/06-163.pdf
  • Lancaster DL, Orloff SB (1997) Site selection. Pp. 3- In: S.B. Orloff and H.L. Carlson, eds., Intermountain Alfalfa Management. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Oakland. Publication 3366
  • Lanyon LE, Griffith WK (1988) Nutrition and fertilizer Use. In: AA, Barnes DK, Hill Junior RR. Alfalfa and Alfalfa Improvement. In: Hanson American Society of Agronomy, Madison, P.333-372
  • Lathwell DJ, Reid WS (1984) Crop response to lime in the Northeastern United States. In: Adams, F., Ed. Soil Acidity and Liming. Madison, American Society of Agronomy, p.305-332
  • Lindsay WL, Norvell WA (1969) Development of a DTPA micronutrient soil test. Soil Sci. Am. Proc., 35:600-602
  • Lindsay WL, Norvell WA (1978) Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 42(3):421-428
  • Loue AT (1968) Diagnostic petiolaire des prospectian etudes sur la nutrition at la fertilization potassiques de la vigne. Societe Commerciale Des Potasses d’Alsace. Services Agronomiques, 31-41
  • Lutz JrJA (1973) Alfalfa response to P and K fertilization. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science, 21(1): 63-69
  • Manga İ, Acar Z, Ayan İ (1995) Baklagil yem bitkileri. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fak., Ders Notu No: 7, Samsun
  • Marino L, Berardo K (2005) Alfalfa forage production under different phosphorus supply strategies. Better Crops With Plant Food, 89(4): 22-25
  • Mauriès M (2003) Luzerne: Culture, Récolte, Conservation, Utilisation. France Agricole Editions
  • Moreira A, Carvalho JG, Evangelista AR (1999) Influence of calcium: Magnesium ratio in limestone on nodulation, dry matter yield and mineral composition of alfalfa. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 34:249-255
  • Moreira A, Fageria NK (2010) Liming influence on soil chemical properties, nutritional status and yield of alfalfa grown in acid soil. R. Bras. Ci. Solo, 34:1231-1239
  • Murphy WM, Johnson MJ (1977) Principles of alfalfa production in Central Oregon. Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State University, Corvallis, Special Report 483
  • Orloff SB (2007) Choosing appropriate sites for alfalfa production. In C.G. Summers and D.H. Putnam, eds., Irrigated Alfalfa Management for Mediterranean and Desert Zones. Chapter 2. Oakland: University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 8288. See: http://alfalfa.ucdavis.edu/IrrigatedAlfalfa
  • Patel DB, Patel CL, Kaswala RR, Parmar HC (2004) Effect of irrigation scheduling and phosphorus on green fodder yield of lucerne. Forage Research, 29(4): 192-194
  • Peters JB, Kelling KA, Speth PE, Offer SM (2005) Alfalfa yield and nutrient uptake as affected by pH and applied K. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 36: 583-596
  • Pizer NH (1967) Some advisory aspect. Soil Potassium and Magnesium. Tech. Bull. No.14:184
  • Radovic J, Sokolovic D, Markovic J (2009) Alfalfamost important perennial forage legume in animal husbandry. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 25, 465-475
  • Rando EM, Silveira RI (1995) Desenvolvimento da alfafa em diferentes níveis de acidez, potássio e enxofre no solo. R Bras Ci Solo 19: 235-242
  • Rassini JB, Freitas AR (1998) Desenvolvimento da alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) sob diferentes doses de adubação potássica. R Bras Zootec 27: 487-490
  • Rhykerd CL, Overdahl CJ (1972) Nutrition and fertilizer use. In C. H. Hanson (Ed.) Alfalfa Science and Technology. Agronomy 15:4374 Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, Wis
  • Richards LA (1954) Diagnosis and improvement saline and alkaline soils. U.S. Dep. Agr. Handbook 60
  • Shah MH, Singh KN, Kachroo D, Khanday BA (1991) Performance lucerne and sainfoin under different cuttings and levels of phosphorus. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 36: 61-66
  • Singh V, Singh VP, Kwatra J, Singh BB (1998) Effect of phosphorus and cutting interval on yield and quality of lucerne under rainfed lower hill of U.P. Forage Research, 23(3&4): 215-216 Smith D (1975) Effect of potassium topdressing a low fertility silt loam soil on alfalfa herbage yields and composition and on soil K. Agron J., 67: 60-64
  • Suttie JM (2000) Hay crops-legumes and pulses. In: Hay and Straw Conservation-For Small-Scale Farming and Pastoral Conditions. FAO Plant Production and Protection Series No. 29, FAO, Rome
  • Terzić D (2010) Uticaj vremena kosidbe, đubrenja, mikroelementima i regulatorima rasta na pronos i kvalitet semena lucerke
  • (Medicago sativa L.) . Doktorska Disertacija, Poljoprivredni Fakultet Zemun Ülgen N, Yurtsever N (1995) Türkiye gübre ve gübreleme rehberi (4. Baskı). T.C. Başbakanlık Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Toprak ve Gübre Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Genel Yayın No: 209, Teknik Yayınlar No: T.66, S.230, Ankara
  • Vučković S (1994) Uticaj načina setve i đubrenja borom i cinkom na prinos i kvalitet semena. Doktorska Disertacija. Poljoprivredni Fakultet Beograd
  • Wasserman VD, Van Den Berg M (1990) Comparative response of lucerne ( Medicago sativa L .) and sanifoin (Onobrychis viviaefolia Scop.) to application of P, K and lime. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 7: 76-80
  • Widyati Slamet S, Anwar S, Widjajanto DW (2012) Growth with of alfalfa mutant in different nitrogen fertilizer and defoliation intensity. Internat. J. of Sci. And Eng., Vol. 3(2):9-11
  • Wolf B (1971) The determination of boron soil extracts, plant materials, composts, manuresi water and nutrient solutions. Soil Sci. and Plant Anal. 2 (5): 363-374
  • Zhang T, Wang X, Han J, Wang Y, Mao P, Majerus M (2008) Effects of between-row and withinrow spacing on alfalfa seed yields. Crop Sci., 48:794-803
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mimarlık
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Özyazıcı

Orhan Dengiz

Mustafa Sağlam

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Mayıs 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özyazıcı, M., Dengiz, O., & Sağlam, M. (2013). Artvin İlinde Yonca (Medicago sativa L.) Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Verimlilik Durumu ve Potansiyel Beslenme Problemlerinin Ortaya Konulması. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2), 225-238.
AMA Özyazıcı M, Dengiz O, Sağlam M. Artvin İlinde Yonca (Medicago sativa L.) Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Verimlilik Durumu ve Potansiyel Beslenme Problemlerinin Ortaya Konulması. AÇÜOFD. Kasım 2013;14(2):225-238.
Chicago Özyazıcı, Mehmet, Orhan Dengiz, ve Mustafa Sağlam. “Artvin İlinde Yonca (Medicago Sativa L.) Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Verimlilik Durumu Ve Potansiyel Beslenme Problemlerinin Ortaya Konulması”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 14, sy. 2 (Kasım 2013): 225-38.
EndNote Özyazıcı M, Dengiz O, Sağlam M (01 Kasım 2013) Artvin İlinde Yonca (Medicago sativa L.) Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Verimlilik Durumu ve Potansiyel Beslenme Problemlerinin Ortaya Konulması. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 14 2 225–238.
IEEE M. Özyazıcı, O. Dengiz, ve M. Sağlam, “Artvin İlinde Yonca (Medicago sativa L.) Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Verimlilik Durumu ve Potansiyel Beslenme Problemlerinin Ortaya Konulması”, AÇÜOFD, c. 14, sy. 2, ss. 225–238, 2013.
ISNAD Özyazıcı, Mehmet vd. “Artvin İlinde Yonca (Medicago Sativa L.) Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Verimlilik Durumu Ve Potansiyel Beslenme Problemlerinin Ortaya Konulması”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 14/2 (Kasım 2013), 225-238.
JAMA Özyazıcı M, Dengiz O, Sağlam M. Artvin İlinde Yonca (Medicago sativa L.) Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Verimlilik Durumu ve Potansiyel Beslenme Problemlerinin Ortaya Konulması. AÇÜOFD. 2013;14:225–238.
MLA Özyazıcı, Mehmet vd. “Artvin İlinde Yonca (Medicago Sativa L.) Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Verimlilik Durumu Ve Potansiyel Beslenme Problemlerinin Ortaya Konulması”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 2, 2013, ss. 225-38.
Vancouver Özyazıcı M, Dengiz O, Sağlam M. Artvin İlinde Yonca (Medicago sativa L.) Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Verimlilik Durumu ve Potansiyel Beslenme Problemlerinin Ortaya Konulması. AÇÜOFD. 2013;14(2):225-38.
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