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RE-UTILIZATION OF INORGANIC SOLID WASTE (LIME MUD) AS FOREST ROAD STABILIZER FROM THE CHEMICAL RECOVERY PROCESS IN KRAFT PULP MILL

Year 2005, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 146 - 154, 20.03.2011

Abstract

Waste handling is a concern in all pulp and paper  mills. Best available techniques for reducing waste is to minimize the generation of solid waste and/or reuse these materials, wherever
practicable. One of the most important solid wastes is lime mud which is generated from the kraft pulping in its chemical recovery process. This paper explores the composition of lime mud resulting from the chemical recovery unite of kraft pulp mill and investigation of  this waste for re-using beneficially on sub grade and pavement of forest road as a  alternative disposal  method. Lime mud obtained from the re-causticising process in SEKA pulp mill that utilizes wheat straw and reed as the principal raw material was supplied with % 47 water content and its chemical and physical characterisations was performed according to standard methods. Dried waste to environmental condition was mixed with certain amount to composite cement for using on pavement and sandy clay, loamy clay and clay soils for enriching forest road sub grade properties. In order to investigate the lime mud addition on pavement and sub grade properties necessary physical tests were performed. As a consequence this study reveals that while waste of lime mud causes environmental and economical problem with conventional disposal techniques and/or abandoning to environment, this waste can be used as good stabilisation materials on forest road sub-grade and pavement without any environmental problem.

References

  • Joung, J.Y., Lee, M.W., Park, J.I., Park, J.M., Application of Computer Simulation to The Retrofit of Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent Treatment Plant, Seventh International Water Association Symposium on Forest Industry Wastewaters, Seattle, USA., 1-4 June 2003, PO-5, 8 p.
  • DPT, Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı, Kağıt Sanayii Özel İhtisas Komisyonu raporu, (DPT. 2525 - ÖİK. 541), ISBN 975-19-2550-9. Ankara, 2000.
  • FAO, Statistical Database-Pulp, Paper and Paperboard, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005.
  • Bajpai, P., Bajpai, P.K., Akhtar, M., Jauhari, M.B., Biokraft Pulping of Eucalyptus With Selected Lignin-Degrading Fungi, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 2001, 27 (7) (2001) 235-239.
  • Hough, W.G., Principles of Chemical Recovery, Chemical Recovery in the Alkaline Pulping Process (edited by Gerald Hough), pp. 8-14, Atlanta, 1985.
  • Bostancı, Ş., Kağıt Hamuru Üretim Teknoloji, Kağıt Hamuru Üretimi ve Ağartma Teknolojisi Kitabı, 1. Bölüm, Karedeniz Üniversitesi Basımevi, Yayın No: 114, Trabzon, 1987.
  • Mehra, N.K., Cornell, C.F., Hough G.W., Cooking Liquor Preparation Causticizing of Sodium Carbonate in Green Liquor, In: Chemical Recovery in the Alkaline Pulping Process (edited by Gerald Hough), pp. 191-256, Atlanta, 1985.
  • Rabas, D. L. Utilization of Industrial By Product Ash a Fertilizer/Liming Material For Crop Production, Tech. Bull., U. Minnesota Agric. Exp., p.5-25, 1988.
  • EC 2001, Biological Treatment of Biowaste-Working Document, DG ENV.A.2- Sustainable Resources, available at: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/waste Brussels 12, February 2001.
  • Scott, G.M., Smith, A., Sludge Characteristics and Disposal Alternatives For The Pulp and Paper Industry, International Environmental Conference, Atlanta, 7-10 May 1995, p. 269-279.
  • Dorris, G. M., Physical characterization of hydrated re-burned lime and lime mud particles, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 1993, 19 (6): 256-267.
  • Peters, C.S., Investigative and Management Techniques For Cement Kiln Dust and Pulp and Paper Process Wastes, Environmental Progress, 17 (3) (1988) 142-147.
  • Simpson, C.R., Kelling, K.A., Liegel, E.A., Paper Mill Lime-Sludge As An Alternative Liming Material, Agronomy Journal, 73 (6) (1981) 1003-1008.
  • Simpson, G.G., King, L.D., Carlile, B.L., Paper Mill Sludges, Coal Fly Ash, and Surplus Lime Mud as Soil Amendments In Crop Production, Tappi Journal, 66 (7) (1983) 71-74.
  • Gaskin J., Miller, W., Morris L., Land Application of Pulp Mill Lime Mud, Bulletin: 1249, University of Georgia, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Cooperative Extension Service, Pollution Prevention Assistance Division, 2004.
  • Zambrano, M., Parodi, V., Reutilization and Characterization of Inorganic Solid Wastes From The Pulp and Paper Industry, Seventh International Water Association Symposium on Forest Ind. Wastewaters, Seattle, USA, 1-4 June 2003, PO-11, 8p.
  • Recycled Material, Industrious Use of Recycled Materials, UWM Research Profile Magazine, Available at: http://www.uwm.edu/ Dept/Grad_Sch/ Publications/ ResearchProfile/ Vol22No1/naik.htm, 22 (1) (2000).
  • Eroğlu, H., Orman Yollarında Kağıt Fabrikası Atığının (Kireç Çamuru) Stabilizasyon Amaçlı Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Doktora Tezi, KTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon, 2003.
  • Erdoğan, T.Y., Betonu Oluşturan Malzemeler Çimentolar, Türkiye Hazır Beton Birliği, İstanbul, 1995.
  • Özaydın, K., Zemin Mekaniği, Birsen Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1989.
  • Aytekin, M., Deneysel Zemin Mekaniği, Akademi Yayınevi, 1. Baskı, Trabzon, 2000.

KRAFT KAĞIT HAMURU FABRİKASI KİMYASAL GERİ KAZANMA ÜNİTESİNDE OLUŞAN ANORGANİK ATIĞIN (KİREÇ ÇAMURU) ORMAN YOLU STABİLİZASYONUNDA DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2005, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 146 - 154, 20.03.2011

Abstract

Üretim sırasında ortaya çıkan atıkların sistemden uzaklaştırılması tüm kağıt hamuru ve kağıt
fabrikalarının ortak kaygılarındandır. Atıkların bertarafında en iyi çözüm üretilen atık miktarının azaltılması
ve/veya bu atıkların tekrar kullanılmasıdır. Kraft hamuru üreten kağıt hamuru fabrikalarında önemli
atıklardan biri de kimyasal geri kazanma ünitesinde ortaya çıkan kireç çamurudur. Bu çalışmada kraft kağıt
hamur fabrikalarının kimyasal geri kazanma ünitesinde ortaya çıkan kireç çamurunun özelliklerinin
belirlenmesi ve alternatif bir yol olarak bu atıkların orman yollarında stabilizasyon amaçlı kullanılabilirliği
incelenmiştir. Saman ve göl kamışı kullanarak kraft yöntemiyle kağıt hamuru üreten Seka–Afyon İşletmesi
geri kazanma ünitesinde ortaya çıkan kireç çamuru yaklaşık % 47 rutubet oranıyla sağlanarak fiziksel ve
kimyasal özellikleri standart metotlara uygun olarak belirlenmiştir. Hava kurusu haline getirilen kireç çamuru
orman yolları üst yapısında kaplama tabakası oluşturmada katkılı çimentoya, alt yapıda ham zeminlerin
stabilizasyonuna yönelik olarak da kumlu kil, balçıklı kil ve ağır killi zeminlere belirli oranlarda katılarak
örnekler elde edilmiş ve bu örneklerin mühendislik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak doğaya terk
edilmeleri halinde çevresel ve ekonomik açılardan çeşitli zararlar oluşturan bu çamurların hem orman içi
yolların kaplama tabakasında hem de taban zeminlerinde belirli oranlarda kullanılarak değerlendirilmesi
uygun bulunmuştur.

References

  • Joung, J.Y., Lee, M.W., Park, J.I., Park, J.M., Application of Computer Simulation to The Retrofit of Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent Treatment Plant, Seventh International Water Association Symposium on Forest Industry Wastewaters, Seattle, USA., 1-4 June 2003, PO-5, 8 p.
  • DPT, Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı, Kağıt Sanayii Özel İhtisas Komisyonu raporu, (DPT. 2525 - ÖİK. 541), ISBN 975-19-2550-9. Ankara, 2000.
  • FAO, Statistical Database-Pulp, Paper and Paperboard, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005.
  • Bajpai, P., Bajpai, P.K., Akhtar, M., Jauhari, M.B., Biokraft Pulping of Eucalyptus With Selected Lignin-Degrading Fungi, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 2001, 27 (7) (2001) 235-239.
  • Hough, W.G., Principles of Chemical Recovery, Chemical Recovery in the Alkaline Pulping Process (edited by Gerald Hough), pp. 8-14, Atlanta, 1985.
  • Bostancı, Ş., Kağıt Hamuru Üretim Teknoloji, Kağıt Hamuru Üretimi ve Ağartma Teknolojisi Kitabı, 1. Bölüm, Karedeniz Üniversitesi Basımevi, Yayın No: 114, Trabzon, 1987.
  • Mehra, N.K., Cornell, C.F., Hough G.W., Cooking Liquor Preparation Causticizing of Sodium Carbonate in Green Liquor, In: Chemical Recovery in the Alkaline Pulping Process (edited by Gerald Hough), pp. 191-256, Atlanta, 1985.
  • Rabas, D. L. Utilization of Industrial By Product Ash a Fertilizer/Liming Material For Crop Production, Tech. Bull., U. Minnesota Agric. Exp., p.5-25, 1988.
  • EC 2001, Biological Treatment of Biowaste-Working Document, DG ENV.A.2- Sustainable Resources, available at: http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/waste Brussels 12, February 2001.
  • Scott, G.M., Smith, A., Sludge Characteristics and Disposal Alternatives For The Pulp and Paper Industry, International Environmental Conference, Atlanta, 7-10 May 1995, p. 269-279.
  • Dorris, G. M., Physical characterization of hydrated re-burned lime and lime mud particles, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 1993, 19 (6): 256-267.
  • Peters, C.S., Investigative and Management Techniques For Cement Kiln Dust and Pulp and Paper Process Wastes, Environmental Progress, 17 (3) (1988) 142-147.
  • Simpson, C.R., Kelling, K.A., Liegel, E.A., Paper Mill Lime-Sludge As An Alternative Liming Material, Agronomy Journal, 73 (6) (1981) 1003-1008.
  • Simpson, G.G., King, L.D., Carlile, B.L., Paper Mill Sludges, Coal Fly Ash, and Surplus Lime Mud as Soil Amendments In Crop Production, Tappi Journal, 66 (7) (1983) 71-74.
  • Gaskin J., Miller, W., Morris L., Land Application of Pulp Mill Lime Mud, Bulletin: 1249, University of Georgia, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Cooperative Extension Service, Pollution Prevention Assistance Division, 2004.
  • Zambrano, M., Parodi, V., Reutilization and Characterization of Inorganic Solid Wastes From The Pulp and Paper Industry, Seventh International Water Association Symposium on Forest Ind. Wastewaters, Seattle, USA, 1-4 June 2003, PO-11, 8p.
  • Recycled Material, Industrious Use of Recycled Materials, UWM Research Profile Magazine, Available at: http://www.uwm.edu/ Dept/Grad_Sch/ Publications/ ResearchProfile/ Vol22No1/naik.htm, 22 (1) (2000).
  • Eroğlu, H., Orman Yollarında Kağıt Fabrikası Atığının (Kireç Çamuru) Stabilizasyon Amaçlı Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Doktora Tezi, KTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon, 2003.
  • Erdoğan, T.Y., Betonu Oluşturan Malzemeler Çimentolar, Türkiye Hazır Beton Birliği, İstanbul, 1995.
  • Özaydın, K., Zemin Mekaniği, Birsen Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1989.
  • Aytekin, M., Deneysel Zemin Mekaniği, Akademi Yayınevi, 1. Baskı, Trabzon, 2000.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Eski Sayılar
Authors

Habip Eroğlu

Sami İmamoğlu

H. Hulusi Acar

Publication Date March 20, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2005Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Eroğlu, H., İmamoğlu, S., & Acar, H. H. (2011). RE-UTILIZATION OF INORGANIC SOLID WASTE (LIME MUD) AS FOREST ROAD STABILIZER FROM THE CHEMICAL RECOVERY PROCESS IN KRAFT PULP MILL. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 146-154.
AMA Eroğlu H, İmamoğlu S, Acar HH. RE-UTILIZATION OF INORGANIC SOLID WASTE (LIME MUD) AS FOREST ROAD STABILIZER FROM THE CHEMICAL RECOVERY PROCESS IN KRAFT PULP MILL. ACUJFF. March 2011;6(1):146-154.
Chicago Eroğlu, Habip, Sami İmamoğlu, and H. Hulusi Acar. “RE-UTILIZATION OF INORGANIC SOLID WASTE (LIME MUD) AS FOREST ROAD STABILIZER FROM THE CHEMICAL RECOVERY PROCESS IN KRAFT PULP MILL”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 6, no. 1 (March 2011): 146-54.
EndNote Eroğlu H, İmamoğlu S, Acar HH (March 1, 2011) RE-UTILIZATION OF INORGANIC SOLID WASTE (LIME MUD) AS FOREST ROAD STABILIZER FROM THE CHEMICAL RECOVERY PROCESS IN KRAFT PULP MILL. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 6 1 146–154.
IEEE H. Eroğlu, S. İmamoğlu, and H. H. Acar, “RE-UTILIZATION OF INORGANIC SOLID WASTE (LIME MUD) AS FOREST ROAD STABILIZER FROM THE CHEMICAL RECOVERY PROCESS IN KRAFT PULP MILL”, ACUJFF, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 146–154, 2011.
ISNAD Eroğlu, Habip et al. “RE-UTILIZATION OF INORGANIC SOLID WASTE (LIME MUD) AS FOREST ROAD STABILIZER FROM THE CHEMICAL RECOVERY PROCESS IN KRAFT PULP MILL”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 6/1 (March 2011), 146-154.
JAMA Eroğlu H, İmamoğlu S, Acar HH. RE-UTILIZATION OF INORGANIC SOLID WASTE (LIME MUD) AS FOREST ROAD STABILIZER FROM THE CHEMICAL RECOVERY PROCESS IN KRAFT PULP MILL. ACUJFF. 2011;6:146–154.
MLA Eroğlu, Habip et al. “RE-UTILIZATION OF INORGANIC SOLID WASTE (LIME MUD) AS FOREST ROAD STABILIZER FROM THE CHEMICAL RECOVERY PROCESS IN KRAFT PULP MILL”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, 2011, pp. 146-54.
Vancouver Eroğlu H, İmamoğlu S, Acar HH. RE-UTILIZATION OF INORGANIC SOLID WASTE (LIME MUD) AS FOREST ROAD STABILIZER FROM THE CHEMICAL RECOVERY PROCESS IN KRAFT PULP MILL. ACUJFF. 2011;6(1):146-54.
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