Research Article
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Anatomical characteristics and conservation status of endemic Campanula betulifolia and C. choruhensis (Campanulaceae)

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 11 - 16, 30.12.2018

Abstract



The genus Campanula
L., naturally distributed in Northern
hemisphere and Mediterranean Region and represented by
almost 420 species in the World, comprises 136 taxa including recently recorded
new species in our country. More than half of the taxa are endemic to Turkey.
In this investigation, two closely relative and endemic species (
C. betulifolia C. Koch and C. choruhensis Kit Tan & Sorger)
were examined anatomically and IUCN risk categories were reevaluated. Plant
samples were collected from Yusufeli district of Artvin province and Herbarium
materials were prepared. Morphological observations were performed in herbarium
samples, while anatomical examinations were made from fixated specimens in 70%
alcohol. Transverse sections of stem and leaf, and paradermal sections of upper
and lower epidermis of leaves were prepared manually. Thickness of midrib, lengths
and widths of vascular bundles, shape and thickness of leaf lamina were
compared between the species and important differences were observed in basal
leaves from than cauline leaves of the species.
 
From paradermal sections, amphistomatic type stomata’s lengths, indexes
and number of stomata per
mm2
were compared among the species. The biggest stomatal lengths were detected in
the adaxial surfaces of basal leaves for
C. choruhensis, while the
smallest ones were observed in the same leaf surfaces of
C. betulifolia.
According to stomatal numbers per 1 mm
2 and stomatal indexes, C.
choruhensis
has the highest values. Epidermal leaf surfaces are straight in
adaxial surfaces of both basal and cauline leaves, whereas undulate-sinuous
surfaces are present in abaxial surfaces. This study displays anatomical
characteristic of two closely related endemic species here, for the first time.




References

  • Alçıtepe E (2011). New combinations in Campanula sect. Quinqueloculares from Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Botany 43: 2243-2254.
  • Alçıtepe E, Yıldız K (2010). Taxonomy of Campanula tomentosa Lam. and C. vardariana bocquet from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 34: 231-240.
  • Alçıtepe E (2012). Comparative pollen morphology of sect. Quinqueloculares (Campanulaceae) in Turkey. Biologia 67(5): 875-882.
  • Alçıtepe E (2016). A Morphological and Anatomical Study on Endemic Campanula davisii Turrill (Campanulaceae) in Turkey. Kastamonu Universitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 16 (1): 27-33.
  • Algan G (1981). Bitkisel dokular için mikroteknik. Fırat Universitesi Fen Fakültesi Yayınları, Bot. No.1. İstanbul: Matbaa Teknisyenleri Basımevi. (in Turkish)
  • Baytop T (1994). Türkçe bitki adları sözlüğü. Ankara: Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve tarih Yüksek Kurumu yayınları, 578 p. (in Turkish)
  • Contandriopoulos J (1984). Differentiation and evolution of the genus Campanula in the Mediterranean region. In: William FG (ed), Plant biosystematics. Academic press, pp. 140-175.
  • Damboldt J (1978). Campanula L. In: Davis PH (ed) Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Island. Vol. 6. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Davis PH (1988). Campanula L. In: Davis PH, Mill RR & Tan K (eds), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol 10 (Supplement 1), Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press, pp. 177-180.
  • Ekim T, Terzioğlu S, Eminağaoğlu Ö, Coşkunçelebi K (2014). Turkey. In: Solomon J, Schulkina T, Schatz GE (eds), Red List of the Endemic Plants of Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, and Turkey. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden (MSB) Saint Louis: 125. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, pp:209-242.
  • Eminağaoğlu Ö (ed) (2015). Artvin’in Doğal Bitkileri (Native Plants of Artvin). Istanbul : Promat Press, 456p. (in Turkish)
  • Eminağaoğlu Ö, Yüksel E, Akyıldırım Beğen H (2018). Flora of the Hod Valley (Artvin, Turkey). International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science-IJEES 8(2): 273-282.
  • Gostin I, Oprea A (2013). Anatomical investigations on endemic Campanula romanica Savul. and their ecological significance. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 42(1): 139-144.
  • IPNI (2012). International Plant Name Index. Published on the Internet. http://www.ipni.org. Downloaded on 14 December 2018.
  • IUCN (2018). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-2. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 14 December 2018.
  • Krokhmal I (2013). Functional Anatomy of leaf Campanula alliariifolia Willd. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 41(2): 388-395.
  • Lammers TG (2007). Campanulaceae Jussieu, Gen. Pl. 163 (1789), nom. Cons. In: Kadereit JW, Jeffrey C (eds), The families and genera of vascular plants, Vol. 8. Asterales. Springer, pp. 26-57.
  • Ocak A, Tokur S (1996). Anatomical investigations on Campanula L. taxa that distributed in (B3) Eskisehir Region. Turkish Journal of Botany 20: 221-231.
  • Özhatay N (2009). Check list of additional taxa to the supplement flora of Turkey IV. Turkish Journal of Botany 33: 191-226.
  • Yıldırım H, Şenol SG (2013). Campanula mugeana sp. Nov. (Campanulaceae) from western Anatolia, Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 31: 419-425.
  • Yıldırım H, Şenol SG (2014). Campanula alisan-kilincii (Campanulaceae), e new species from eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 38: 22-30.

Endemik Campanula betulifolia ve C. choruhensis (Campanulaceae)’in anatomik özellikleri ve koruma durumları

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 11 - 16, 30.12.2018

Abstract



Kuzey Yarıküre ve Akdeniz
Bölgesi’nde doğal olarak yayılış gösteren ve dünyada 420’ye yakın türle temsil
edilen
Campanula L. cinsi, 
yurdumuzda yeni eklenen türlerle beraber, 136 takson ihtiva etmektedir.
Taksonların yarıdan fazlası Türkiye için endemiktir. Bu çalışmada, oldukça
yakın ilişkili iki endemik tür (
C. betulifolia C. Koch ve C.
choruhensis
Kit Tan & Sorger) anatomik açıdan detaylı olarak incelenmiş
ve IUCN risk kategorileri yeniden değerlendirilmiştir. Bitkisel materyaller,
Artvin ili Yusufeli ilçesinden toplanmış ve herbaryum materyalleri
hazırlanmıştır. Morfolojik incelemeler herbaryum örnekleri üzerinden, anatomik
incelemeler ise %70’lik alkolde fikse edilen örnekler üzerinden yapılmıştır. El
ile gövdeden enine, yapraklardan ise enine ve yüzeysel kesitler hazırlanmıştır.
Anatomik
incelemelerde, türler orta
damar kalınlıkları, iletim demetleri uzunluk ve genişlikleri, lamina şekli ve
kalınlıkları açısından karşılaştırılmış ve taban yapraklarının gövde
yapraklarına göre belirgin farklılıklar gösterdiği görülmüştür. Yüzeysel
kesitlerden türler arasındaki amfistomatik tip stomaların uzunlukları,
indeksleri ve mm
2’deki stoma sayıları karşılaştırılmıştır. Stoma
uzunlukları
C. choruhensis taban yaprağının adaksial yüzeylerinde en
fazla,
C. betulifolia’nın aynı yüzeyinde ise en azdır. mm2’deki
stoma sayıları
ve stoma indeksleri açısından C. choruhensis’te daha yüksek değerler tespit
edilmiştir. Epidermis türlerin gövde ve taban yaprağının adaksial yüzeylerinde
düz çeperli, abaksial yüzeylerinde ise dalgalı-kıvrımlıdır. Bu çalışmada, yakın
ilişkili görülen iki endemik türün anatomik özellikleri ilk defa
karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya konmuştur.




References

  • Alçıtepe E (2011). New combinations in Campanula sect. Quinqueloculares from Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Botany 43: 2243-2254.
  • Alçıtepe E, Yıldız K (2010). Taxonomy of Campanula tomentosa Lam. and C. vardariana bocquet from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 34: 231-240.
  • Alçıtepe E (2012). Comparative pollen morphology of sect. Quinqueloculares (Campanulaceae) in Turkey. Biologia 67(5): 875-882.
  • Alçıtepe E (2016). A Morphological and Anatomical Study on Endemic Campanula davisii Turrill (Campanulaceae) in Turkey. Kastamonu Universitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 16 (1): 27-33.
  • Algan G (1981). Bitkisel dokular için mikroteknik. Fırat Universitesi Fen Fakültesi Yayınları, Bot. No.1. İstanbul: Matbaa Teknisyenleri Basımevi. (in Turkish)
  • Baytop T (1994). Türkçe bitki adları sözlüğü. Ankara: Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve tarih Yüksek Kurumu yayınları, 578 p. (in Turkish)
  • Contandriopoulos J (1984). Differentiation and evolution of the genus Campanula in the Mediterranean region. In: William FG (ed), Plant biosystematics. Academic press, pp. 140-175.
  • Damboldt J (1978). Campanula L. In: Davis PH (ed) Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Island. Vol. 6. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Davis PH (1988). Campanula L. In: Davis PH, Mill RR & Tan K (eds), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol 10 (Supplement 1), Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press, pp. 177-180.
  • Ekim T, Terzioğlu S, Eminağaoğlu Ö, Coşkunçelebi K (2014). Turkey. In: Solomon J, Schulkina T, Schatz GE (eds), Red List of the Endemic Plants of Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, and Turkey. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden (MSB) Saint Louis: 125. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, pp:209-242.
  • Eminağaoğlu Ö (ed) (2015). Artvin’in Doğal Bitkileri (Native Plants of Artvin). Istanbul : Promat Press, 456p. (in Turkish)
  • Eminağaoğlu Ö, Yüksel E, Akyıldırım Beğen H (2018). Flora of the Hod Valley (Artvin, Turkey). International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science-IJEES 8(2): 273-282.
  • Gostin I, Oprea A (2013). Anatomical investigations on endemic Campanula romanica Savul. and their ecological significance. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 42(1): 139-144.
  • IPNI (2012). International Plant Name Index. Published on the Internet. http://www.ipni.org. Downloaded on 14 December 2018.
  • IUCN (2018). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-2. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 14 December 2018.
  • Krokhmal I (2013). Functional Anatomy of leaf Campanula alliariifolia Willd. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 41(2): 388-395.
  • Lammers TG (2007). Campanulaceae Jussieu, Gen. Pl. 163 (1789), nom. Cons. In: Kadereit JW, Jeffrey C (eds), The families and genera of vascular plants, Vol. 8. Asterales. Springer, pp. 26-57.
  • Ocak A, Tokur S (1996). Anatomical investigations on Campanula L. taxa that distributed in (B3) Eskisehir Region. Turkish Journal of Botany 20: 221-231.
  • Özhatay N (2009). Check list of additional taxa to the supplement flora of Turkey IV. Turkish Journal of Botany 33: 191-226.
  • Yıldırım H, Şenol SG (2013). Campanula mugeana sp. Nov. (Campanulaceae) from western Anatolia, Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 31: 419-425.
  • Yıldırım H, Şenol SG (2014). Campanula alisan-kilincii (Campanulaceae), e new species from eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 38: 22-30.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Melahat Özcan 0000-0002-2638-3914

Özgür Eminağaoğlu 0000-0003-0064-0318

Publication Date December 30, 2018
Submission Date December 26, 2018
Acceptance Date December 30, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özcan, M., & Eminağaoğlu, Ö. (2018). Endemik Campanula betulifolia ve C. choruhensis (Campanulaceae)’in anatomik özellikleri ve koruma durumları. Turkish Journal of Biodiversity, 1(1), 11-16.


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