Research Article
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Hyperıcum perforatum L. esansiyel yağının in vitro antimikrobiyal, antioksidan aktivite ve kimyasal karakterizasyonu

Year 2020, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 330 - 339, 15.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.702853

Abstract

Ticari olarak temin edilen Hypericum perforatum L.’den izole edilmiş olan esansiyel yağ örneğinin hekzan ve etanol olmak üzere iki farklı çözgen kullanılarak hazırlanan ekstraktlarının in vitro antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan aktiviteleri ve kimyasal kompozisyonu belirlendi. Sarı kantaron esansiyel yağı antimikrobiyal etkinliğinin test edilebilmesi amacıyla disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak bazı bakteri ve mantar türlerine karşı incelendi. H. perforatum esansiyel yağının kimyasal içeriği ise GC/MS yöntemi ile belirlendi. Tüm bakteri ve mantar suşlarına karşı hekzan özütünün etanol ekstraktına nazaran daha etkili olduğunu sonucuna varıldı. Sarı kantaron yağı funguslara karşı bakterilerden daha yüksek antimikrobiyal etki gösterdi. Ancak standart antibiyotiklerle karşılaştırıldığında hem etanol hem de hekzan ekstraktları durumunda aktivite daha düşüktür. esansiyel yağ %2 oranındaki numunesinin antioksidan aktivitesi de 3 farklı yöntem kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş ve örneğinin DPPH radikalini süpürme etkinliğinin test edilen diğer metotlara göre daha etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı. Yapılan kimyasal karakterizasyon çalışmalarıyla GC/MS analizleri sonucunda alan değeri (%) en yüksek olan bileşikler başlıca %4.78 karvakrol, %8.15 dekan, %7.63 nonan, %9.04 p-simen, %15.04 limonen, %11.80 alpha-para-dimetilstiren, %4.21 kamfor ve %7.77 isoborneol olmak üzere 60 farklı bileşik tanımlandı.

Supporting Institution

Ordu Üniversitesi BAP Birimi

Project Number

Bu araştırma, Ordu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Dairesi tarafından TF-1635 numaralı projeyle desteklenmiştir.

Thanks

Ordu Üniversitesi'ne ve Ordu Üniversitesi Merkez Araştırma Laboratuvarı'na maddi destekleri için teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Acar Ü (2018) Sarı Kantaron (Hypericum perforatum) Yağının Sazan Yavrularının (Cyprinus carpio) Büyüme Performansı ve Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. Alınteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 33(1): 21-27
  • Baş H, Ersoy DE (2020) Fumigant toxicity of essential oil of Hypericum perforatum L., 1753 (Malpighiales: Hypericaceae) to Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Türkiye entomoloji dergisi, 44 (2): 237-248.
  • Baytop T (1984) Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi. İ.Ü., Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları, No:40, İstanbul, 520s
  • Baytop T (1999) Türkiye’de Bitkilerle Tedavi. Nobel Tıp Yayınevi, 2. Baskı. İstanbul, s. 256.
  • Bertoli A, Cirak C, Da Silva JAT (2011) Hypericum species as sources of valuable essential oil. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5 (1): 29–47.
  • Bilia AR, Gallori S, Vincieri FF (2002) St. John’s Wort and Depression: Efficiacy, safety and tolerability- an update. Life Sciences, 70(26):3077-3096.
  • Butterweck V(2003) Mechanism of action of St John's wort in depression: what is known? CNS Drugs , 17:539-562.
  • Chistik TA (1957) Hypericum perforatum as anthelmintic used in hymenolepidosis and enterobiosis. Farmakologiia i. Toksikologiia, 20(6),76-77.
  • Chopra RN (Ram Nath) (1958) Chopra's indigenous drugs of India (2d ed. / rev. and largely re-written by R. N. Chopra [et al.]). Dhur, Calcutta
  • Couceiro MA, Afreen F, Zobayed SMA, Kozai T (2006) Variation in concentrations of major bioactive compounds of St. John's wort: effects of harvesting time temperature and germplasm. Plant Science 170(1): 128-134.
  • Crockett SL (2010) Essential Oil and Volatile Components of the Genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae). Natural product communications, 5(9):1493-1506
  • Curtis JD, Lersten NR (1990) Internal Secretory Structure in Hypericum (Clusiaceae): H. perforatum L. and H. balearicum L. L. New Phytologist, 114 (4):571-580.
  • Çakir A, Duru ME, Harmandar M, Ciriminna R, Passannanti S, Piozzi F (1997) Comparison of the Volatile Oils of Hypericum scabrum L. and Hypericum perforatum L. from Turkey, Flavour And Fragrance Journal, 12(4):285-287.
  • Davis PH (1982) Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh University Press, Vol. 7., Edinburgh.
  • Deveci A (2014) Hypericum Perforatum L(Sarı Kantaron) (Hypericaceae) Bitkisinin Morfolojik, Kimyasal (Uçucu Yağ Ve Flavonoid) Varyasyonlarının Araştırılması, Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Elazığ.
  • Ghasemi Pirbalouti A, Fatahi-Vanani M, Craker L, Shirmardi H (2014) G.Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum scabrum. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52(2):175-181
  • Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Başer HKC (2000) Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh University press, Supplement 2, Vol.11, 656 s, Edinburgh.
  • Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT (2012) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul
  • Gunpinar S, Kilic OA, Tosun M, Firat T (2020) Antioxidant Characteristic of Pretreatment Hypericum Perforatum Oil Administration in a Rabbit Model of Palatal Mucosal Injury. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1): 55-64
  • Greeson JM, Sanford B, Monti DA (2001) St. John’s worth (Hypericum perforatum): A review of the current pharmacological, toxicological and clinical literature. Psychopharmacology 153(4): 402-414.
  • Gudžić B, Nedeljković J, Dordevi ́cS,ˇComor J.Facta Univ., SerPhysics, Chem Technol. 1(4): 47.
  • Gudžić B, Dordević S, Palić R, Stojanović G (2001) Essential Oils of Hypericum Olympicum L. and Hypericum perforatum L. Flavour And Fragrance Journal, 16(3): 201 – 203.
  • Habib M, Ibrahim HW, Schneider-Stock R, Hassan MH (2013) Camel milk lactoferrin reduces the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and exerts antioxidant and DNA damage inhibitory activities. Food Chemistry, 141: 148–152.
  • Hatano T, Edamatsu R, Hiramatsu M, Mori A, Fujita Y, Yasuhura T, Yoshida T, Okuda T (1989) Effects of interaction of tannins with co-existing substances. VI. Effects of tannins and related polyphenols on superoxide anion radical and on 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. Chemical Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 37(8): 2016–2021.
  • Kavanagh F (1972) Analytical Microbiology. Academic Press, New York.
  • Kırbağ S (1999) Hypericum perforatum L.’un Değişik Ekstraktlarının Antimikrobiyal Etkileri. Journal of Qafqaz University, 2(1): 102-108.
  • Kıvrak Ş (2018) Essential oil composition and antioxidant activities of eight cultivars of Lavender and Lavandin from western Anatolia. Industrial Crops and Products, 117: 88-96.
  • Kordali S, Cakir A, Ozer H, Cakmakci R, Kesdek M, Mete E (2008) Antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oil isolated from Turkish Origanum acutidens and its three components, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene. Bioresource Technology, 99(18): 8788–8795
  • Metin S, Biçer ZI (2020) Vagococcus salmoninarum’a karşı bazı uçucu yağların antibakteriyel aktivitesi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(2): 167-173.
  • Meruelo D, Lavie G, Lavie (1988) Therapeutic agents with dramatic antiretroviral activity and little toxicity at effective doses: aromatic polycyclic diones hypericin and pseudohypericin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 85(14): 5230–5234.
  • Milosevic T, Solujic S, Sukdolak S (2007) In Vitro Study Of Ethanolic Extract Of Hypericum Perforatum L. On Growth And Sporulation Of Some Bacteria And Fungi, Turkish Journal of Biology, 31: 237-241.
  • Morshedloo MR, Ebadi A, Maggi F, Fattahi R, Yazdani D, Jafari M (2015) Chemical characterization of the essential oil compositions from Iranian populations of Hypericum perforatum L. Industrial Crops and Products 76:565–573.
  • Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on products of browning reaction – Antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine, Japanese Journal of Nutrition, 44: 307–315.
  • Peeva-Naumovska V, Panovski N, Grdanovska T, Fredro- Kumbaradzi E (2010) . Formulations of St. John’s Wort oil ointment and evaluation of its antibacterial effect. Available from: www.amapseec.org/cmapseec. 1/Papers/pap p067.htm
  • Rančić A, Soković M, Vukojević J, Simić A, Marin P, Duletić-Laušević S, Djoković D (2005) Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils of Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop, Hypericum perforatum L and Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17 (3): 341-345.
  • Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology in Medicine, 26(9-10): 1231–1237.
  • Riu-Aumatell M, Castellari M, López-Tamames E, Galassi S, Buxaderas S (2004) Characterization of volatile compounds of fruit juices and nectars by HS/SPME and GC/MS. Food Chemistry, 87(4): 627-637.
  • Ronald MA (1990) Microbiologia, Compania Editorial Continental S.A. de C.V., Mexico DF. p. 505.
  • Singh Pal, A(2006). Hypericin-A naphthodianthrone from Hypericum perforatum, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 62,225–233
  • Schwob I, Bessiere JM, Dherbomez M, Viano J (2002) Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hypericum coris. Fitoterapia 73(6): 511–513
  • Serkedjieva J, Manolava N, Nowosielska I, Zawilinski B, Grzybek J (1980) Phytotheraphy Research,4:97.
  • Şerbetçi T, Özsoy N, Demirci B, Can A, Kültür Ş, Başer KHC (2012) Chemical composition of the essential oil and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from fruits and flowers of Hypericum lydium Boiss. Industrial Crops and Products 36(1), 599–606.
  • St. John's Wort Uses, Benefits, Dosages(2018) Drugs.com Herbal Database. Erişim adresi: https://www.drugs.com/npp/st-john-s-wort.html
  • Tolkunova NN, Cheuva EN, Bidyuk AY, (2002) Effect of medicinal plant extracts on microorganism development. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost 8: 70–71
  • Ultee A, Bennik MHJ, Moezelaar R(2002). The Phenolic Hydroxyl Group of Carvacrol Is Essential for Action against the Food-Borne Pathogen Bacillus cereus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68(4): 1561–1568.

In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and chemical characterization of Hypericum perforatum L. essentıal oil

Year 2020, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 330 - 339, 15.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.702853

Abstract

In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and chemical composition of extracts prepared using two different solvents, hexane, ethanol, of commercially available essential oil sample isolated from Hypericum perforatum L. were determined. St. John's Wort essential oil was examined for various bacteria and fungi by using disc diffusion method to test its antimicrobial effectiveness. The chemical content of H. perforatum essential oil was determined by GC/MS method. It was concluded that hexane extract is more effective than ethanol extract against all bacterial and fungal strains. St. John's Wort oil had higher antimicrobial effects against fungi than bacteria. However, compared to standard antibiotics, activity is lower in the case of both ethanol and hexane extracts. The antioxidant activity of the 2% essential oil sample was also evaluated using 3 different methods and it was concluded that the oil sample's effectiveness of sweeping the DPPH radical was more effective than the other methods tested. With the chemical characterization as a result of GC/MS analysis 60 different compounds were identified including mainly carvacrol (4.78%), decane (8.15%), nonane (7.63%), p-cymene (9.04%), limonene (15.04%), α,p- dimethylstyrene (11.80%), camphor (4.21%), Isoborneol (%7.77) according to their highest area (%).

Project Number

Bu araştırma, Ordu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Dairesi tarafından TF-1635 numaralı projeyle desteklenmiştir.

References

  • Acar Ü (2018) Sarı Kantaron (Hypericum perforatum) Yağının Sazan Yavrularının (Cyprinus carpio) Büyüme Performansı ve Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. Alınteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 33(1): 21-27
  • Baş H, Ersoy DE (2020) Fumigant toxicity of essential oil of Hypericum perforatum L., 1753 (Malpighiales: Hypericaceae) to Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Türkiye entomoloji dergisi, 44 (2): 237-248.
  • Baytop T (1984) Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi. İ.Ü., Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları, No:40, İstanbul, 520s
  • Baytop T (1999) Türkiye’de Bitkilerle Tedavi. Nobel Tıp Yayınevi, 2. Baskı. İstanbul, s. 256.
  • Bertoli A, Cirak C, Da Silva JAT (2011) Hypericum species as sources of valuable essential oil. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5 (1): 29–47.
  • Bilia AR, Gallori S, Vincieri FF (2002) St. John’s Wort and Depression: Efficiacy, safety and tolerability- an update. Life Sciences, 70(26):3077-3096.
  • Butterweck V(2003) Mechanism of action of St John's wort in depression: what is known? CNS Drugs , 17:539-562.
  • Chistik TA (1957) Hypericum perforatum as anthelmintic used in hymenolepidosis and enterobiosis. Farmakologiia i. Toksikologiia, 20(6),76-77.
  • Chopra RN (Ram Nath) (1958) Chopra's indigenous drugs of India (2d ed. / rev. and largely re-written by R. N. Chopra [et al.]). Dhur, Calcutta
  • Couceiro MA, Afreen F, Zobayed SMA, Kozai T (2006) Variation in concentrations of major bioactive compounds of St. John's wort: effects of harvesting time temperature and germplasm. Plant Science 170(1): 128-134.
  • Crockett SL (2010) Essential Oil and Volatile Components of the Genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae). Natural product communications, 5(9):1493-1506
  • Curtis JD, Lersten NR (1990) Internal Secretory Structure in Hypericum (Clusiaceae): H. perforatum L. and H. balearicum L. L. New Phytologist, 114 (4):571-580.
  • Çakir A, Duru ME, Harmandar M, Ciriminna R, Passannanti S, Piozzi F (1997) Comparison of the Volatile Oils of Hypericum scabrum L. and Hypericum perforatum L. from Turkey, Flavour And Fragrance Journal, 12(4):285-287.
  • Davis PH (1982) Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh University Press, Vol. 7., Edinburgh.
  • Deveci A (2014) Hypericum Perforatum L(Sarı Kantaron) (Hypericaceae) Bitkisinin Morfolojik, Kimyasal (Uçucu Yağ Ve Flavonoid) Varyasyonlarının Araştırılması, Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Elazığ.
  • Ghasemi Pirbalouti A, Fatahi-Vanani M, Craker L, Shirmardi H (2014) G.Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum scabrum. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52(2):175-181
  • Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Başer HKC (2000) Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh University press, Supplement 2, Vol.11, 656 s, Edinburgh.
  • Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT (2012) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul
  • Gunpinar S, Kilic OA, Tosun M, Firat T (2020) Antioxidant Characteristic of Pretreatment Hypericum Perforatum Oil Administration in a Rabbit Model of Palatal Mucosal Injury. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1): 55-64
  • Greeson JM, Sanford B, Monti DA (2001) St. John’s worth (Hypericum perforatum): A review of the current pharmacological, toxicological and clinical literature. Psychopharmacology 153(4): 402-414.
  • Gudžić B, Nedeljković J, Dordevi ́cS,ˇComor J.Facta Univ., SerPhysics, Chem Technol. 1(4): 47.
  • Gudžić B, Dordević S, Palić R, Stojanović G (2001) Essential Oils of Hypericum Olympicum L. and Hypericum perforatum L. Flavour And Fragrance Journal, 16(3): 201 – 203.
  • Habib M, Ibrahim HW, Schneider-Stock R, Hassan MH (2013) Camel milk lactoferrin reduces the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and exerts antioxidant and DNA damage inhibitory activities. Food Chemistry, 141: 148–152.
  • Hatano T, Edamatsu R, Hiramatsu M, Mori A, Fujita Y, Yasuhura T, Yoshida T, Okuda T (1989) Effects of interaction of tannins with co-existing substances. VI. Effects of tannins and related polyphenols on superoxide anion radical and on 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. Chemical Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 37(8): 2016–2021.
  • Kavanagh F (1972) Analytical Microbiology. Academic Press, New York.
  • Kırbağ S (1999) Hypericum perforatum L.’un Değişik Ekstraktlarının Antimikrobiyal Etkileri. Journal of Qafqaz University, 2(1): 102-108.
  • Kıvrak Ş (2018) Essential oil composition and antioxidant activities of eight cultivars of Lavender and Lavandin from western Anatolia. Industrial Crops and Products, 117: 88-96.
  • Kordali S, Cakir A, Ozer H, Cakmakci R, Kesdek M, Mete E (2008) Antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oil isolated from Turkish Origanum acutidens and its three components, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene. Bioresource Technology, 99(18): 8788–8795
  • Metin S, Biçer ZI (2020) Vagococcus salmoninarum’a karşı bazı uçucu yağların antibakteriyel aktivitesi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(2): 167-173.
  • Meruelo D, Lavie G, Lavie (1988) Therapeutic agents with dramatic antiretroviral activity and little toxicity at effective doses: aromatic polycyclic diones hypericin and pseudohypericin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 85(14): 5230–5234.
  • Milosevic T, Solujic S, Sukdolak S (2007) In Vitro Study Of Ethanolic Extract Of Hypericum Perforatum L. On Growth And Sporulation Of Some Bacteria And Fungi, Turkish Journal of Biology, 31: 237-241.
  • Morshedloo MR, Ebadi A, Maggi F, Fattahi R, Yazdani D, Jafari M (2015) Chemical characterization of the essential oil compositions from Iranian populations of Hypericum perforatum L. Industrial Crops and Products 76:565–573.
  • Oyaizu M (1986) Studies on products of browning reaction – Antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine, Japanese Journal of Nutrition, 44: 307–315.
  • Peeva-Naumovska V, Panovski N, Grdanovska T, Fredro- Kumbaradzi E (2010) . Formulations of St. John’s Wort oil ointment and evaluation of its antibacterial effect. Available from: www.amapseec.org/cmapseec. 1/Papers/pap p067.htm
  • Rančić A, Soković M, Vukojević J, Simić A, Marin P, Duletić-Laušević S, Djoković D (2005) Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils of Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop, Hypericum perforatum L and Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17 (3): 341-345.
  • Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology in Medicine, 26(9-10): 1231–1237.
  • Riu-Aumatell M, Castellari M, López-Tamames E, Galassi S, Buxaderas S (2004) Characterization of volatile compounds of fruit juices and nectars by HS/SPME and GC/MS. Food Chemistry, 87(4): 627-637.
  • Ronald MA (1990) Microbiologia, Compania Editorial Continental S.A. de C.V., Mexico DF. p. 505.
  • Singh Pal, A(2006). Hypericin-A naphthodianthrone from Hypericum perforatum, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 62,225–233
  • Schwob I, Bessiere JM, Dherbomez M, Viano J (2002) Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hypericum coris. Fitoterapia 73(6): 511–513
  • Serkedjieva J, Manolava N, Nowosielska I, Zawilinski B, Grzybek J (1980) Phytotheraphy Research,4:97.
  • Şerbetçi T, Özsoy N, Demirci B, Can A, Kültür Ş, Başer KHC (2012) Chemical composition of the essential oil and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from fruits and flowers of Hypericum lydium Boiss. Industrial Crops and Products 36(1), 599–606.
  • St. John's Wort Uses, Benefits, Dosages(2018) Drugs.com Herbal Database. Erişim adresi: https://www.drugs.com/npp/st-john-s-wort.html
  • Tolkunova NN, Cheuva EN, Bidyuk AY, (2002) Effect of medicinal plant extracts on microorganism development. Pishchevaya Promyshlennost 8: 70–71
  • Ultee A, Bennik MHJ, Moezelaar R(2002). The Phenolic Hydroxyl Group of Carvacrol Is Essential for Action against the Food-Borne Pathogen Bacillus cereus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68(4): 1561–1568.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ömer Ertürk 0000-0001-5837-6893

Gülçin Aydın 0000-0001-6349-2346

Melek Çol Ayvaz 0000-0001-5155-5784

Project Number Bu araştırma, Ordu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Dairesi tarafından TF-1635 numaralı projeyle desteklenmiştir.
Publication Date September 15, 2020
Acceptance Date September 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020Volume: 21 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ertürk, Ö., Aydın, G., & Çol Ayvaz, M. (2020). Hyperıcum perforatum L. esansiyel yağının in vitro antimikrobiyal, antioksidan aktivite ve kimyasal karakterizasyonu. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 330-339. https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.702853
AMA Ertürk Ö, Aydın G, Çol Ayvaz M. Hyperıcum perforatum L. esansiyel yağının in vitro antimikrobiyal, antioksidan aktivite ve kimyasal karakterizasyonu. ACUJFF. September 2020;21(2):330-339. doi:10.17474/artvinofd.702853
Chicago Ertürk, Ömer, Gülçin Aydın, and Melek Çol Ayvaz. “Hyperıcum Perforatum L. Esansiyel yağının in Vitro Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan Aktivite Ve Kimyasal Karakterizasyonu”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 21, no. 2 (September 2020): 330-39. https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.702853.
EndNote Ertürk Ö, Aydın G, Çol Ayvaz M (September 1, 2020) Hyperıcum perforatum L. esansiyel yağının in vitro antimikrobiyal, antioksidan aktivite ve kimyasal karakterizasyonu. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 21 2 330–339.
IEEE Ö. Ertürk, G. Aydın, and M. Çol Ayvaz, “Hyperıcum perforatum L. esansiyel yağının in vitro antimikrobiyal, antioksidan aktivite ve kimyasal karakterizasyonu”, ACUJFF, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 330–339, 2020, doi: 10.17474/artvinofd.702853.
ISNAD Ertürk, Ömer et al. “Hyperıcum Perforatum L. Esansiyel yağının in Vitro Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan Aktivite Ve Kimyasal Karakterizasyonu”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 21/2 (September 2020), 330-339. https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.702853.
JAMA Ertürk Ö, Aydın G, Çol Ayvaz M. Hyperıcum perforatum L. esansiyel yağının in vitro antimikrobiyal, antioksidan aktivite ve kimyasal karakterizasyonu. ACUJFF. 2020;21:330–339.
MLA Ertürk, Ömer et al. “Hyperıcum Perforatum L. Esansiyel yağının in Vitro Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan Aktivite Ve Kimyasal Karakterizasyonu”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 21, no. 2, 2020, pp. 330-9, doi:10.17474/artvinofd.702853.
Vancouver Ertürk Ö, Aydın G, Çol Ayvaz M. Hyperıcum perforatum L. esansiyel yağının in vitro antimikrobiyal, antioksidan aktivite ve kimyasal karakterizasyonu. ACUJFF. 2020;21(2):330-9.
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