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Effect of Freezing and Drying Methods on Some Biochemical Properties of Prickly Fig (Opuntia ficus-indica) Fruit

Year 2020, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 535 - 543, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.689862

Abstract

In this study, the fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica was examined in the fresh, frozen, sun and in microwave dried samples. In fresh Opuntia ficus-indica samples, the total phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 3.30 µg GAE/g DW and 1.46 µg QE/g DW, whereas in sun-dried samples found to be 2.60 µg GAE/g DW and 0.56 µg QE/g DW respectively. TEAC and IC50 are indicators of antioxidant capacity, and in fresh fruits TEAC and IC50 found to be 66.91 µmol Trolox/g DW and 45.95 mg ml-1, while 39.01 µmol Trolox/g DW and 57.36 mg ml-1 in sun-drying, respectively (p<0.05). While the amount of ghrelin, GSH, GSSG and MDA in fresh prickly fig were found to be 19.20; 372; 20.85; 3.00 µg/g DW, on the other hand in sun-dried samples were found to be 9.90; 210.00; 33.60; 4.78 µg/g DW, respectively. In addition, ghrelin and GSH in dried fruits decreased while GSSG and MDA increased in comparison to fresh sample (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica is rich in ghrelin and GSH. The most suitable preservation techniques for Opuntia ficus-indica fruits is freezing to consume it in all season and microwave drying appears to be more advantageous than sun-dried in terms of time.

References

  • Abdallatif, A.M., El Kheshin, M.A., Rashedy, A.A. (2015). Antioxidant Potential of some Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cultivars Growing under Salinity Stress. EJOH. 42(2): 654-665.
  • Aydin, S., Geckil, H., Zengin, F., Özercan, H.I., Karatas, F., Aydin, S., Turgut-Balik, D., Ozkan, Y., Dagli, F., Celik, V. (2006). Ghrelin in plants: What is the function of an appetite hormone in plants? Peptides. 27(7): 1597-1602.
  • Babbar, N., Oberoi, H.S., Sandhu, S.K., Bhargav, V.K. (2014). Influence of different solvents in the extraction of phenolic compounds from vegetable residues and their evaluation as natural sources of antioxidants. J Food Sci Technol. 51: 2568–2575.
  • Bensadón, S., Hervert-Hernández, D., Sáyago-Ayerdi, S.G., Goñi, I. (2010). Byproducts of Opuntia ficus-indica as a source of antioxidant dietary fiber. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 65: 210-216.
  • Boligon, A.A., Pereira, R.P., Feltrin, A.C., Machado, M.M., Janovik, V., Rocha, J.B.T., Athayde, M.L. (2009). Antioxidant activities of flavonol derivates from the leaves and stem bark of Scutia buxifolia Reiss. Bioresour Technol. 100: 6592–6598.
  • Carranza-Concha, J., Benlloch, M., Camacho, M.M., Martínez-Navarrete, N. (2012). Effects of drying and pretreatment on the nutritional and functional quality of raisins. Food Bioprod Process. 90(2): 243-248.
  • Davis, P.J., Smales, C.M., James, D.C. (2001). How can thermal processing modify the antigenicity of proteins? Allergy. 56: 56–60.
  • Dewanto, V., Wu, X., Adom, K.K., Liu, R.H. (2002). Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity. J Agric Food Chem. 50: 3010–3014.
  • El-Mostafa, K., El Kharrassi, Y., Badreddine, A., Andreoletti, P., Vamecq, J., Kebbaj, M.H.S.E., Latruffe, N., Lizard, G., Nasser, B., Cherkaoui-Malki, M. (2014). Nopal Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) as Source of Bioactive Compounds for Nutrition, Health, and Disease, Molecules. 19(9): 14879-14901.
  • Gaweł, S., Wardas, M., Niedworok, E., Wardas, P. (2004). Malondialdehyde as lipid peroxidation marker. Wiadomosci Lekarskie. 57 (9-10): 453-455.
  • Hahm, S.W., Park, J., Oh, SY., Lee, C.W., Park, K.Y., Kim, H., Son, Y.S. (2015). Anticancer Properties of Extracts from Opuntia humifusa Against Human Cervical Carcinoma Cells. J Med Food. 18 (1): 31–44.
  • Ibrahim, M.S., Ibrahim, Y.I., Mukhtar, Z.G., Karatas, F. (2017). Amount of Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Malondialdehyde, Glutathione, Ghrelin, Beta-Carotene, Lyco¬pene in Fruits of Hawthorn, Midland (Crataegus laevigata). J Hum Nutr Food Sci. 5(3): 1112-1117.
  • Kamiloglu, S., Toydemir, G., Boyacioglu, D., Beekwilder, J., Hall, R.D., Capanoglu, E. (2015). A review on the effect of drying on antioxidant potential of fruits and vegetables. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 56(1): S110-S129.
  • Karatas, F., Kamisli, F. (2007). Variations of vitamins (A, C and E) and MDA in apricots dried in IR and microwave. J Food Eng. 78: 662–668.
  • Kumar, S., Yadav, P., Jain, V., Malhotra, S.P. (2011). Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative System in Ripening Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) Fruits. Food Technol Biotechnol 49(4): 453-459.
  • Livrea, M.A., Tesoriere, L. (2006). Health benefits and bioactive components of the fruits from Opuntia ficus-indica [L.] Mill. J Prof Assoc Cactus. 8: 73-90.
  • Mendoza-Cózatl, D., Loza-Tavera, H., Hernández-Navarro, A., Moreno-Sánchez, R. (2005). Sulfur assimilation and glutathione metabolism under cadmium stress in yeast, photosynthetic protists, and plants. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 29(4): 653–671.
  • Miletic, N., Mitrovic, O., Popovic, B., Nedovic, V., Zlatkovic, B., Kandic, M. (2013). Polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity in fruits of plum (Prunus Domestica L.) cultivars “valjevka” and “mildora” as influenced by air drying. J Food Qual. 36: 229-237.
  • Nile, S.H., Kim, S.H., Ko, E.Y., Park, S.W. (2013). Polyphenolic Contents and Antioxidant Properties of Different Grape (V. vinifera, V. labrusca, and V. hybrid). Cultivars. 2013: 1-5.
  • Osuna-Martínez, U., Reyes-Esparza, J., Rodríguez-Fragoso, L. (2014). Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica): A Review on its Antioxidants Properties and Potential Pharmacological Use in Chronic Diseases. Nat Prod Chem Res. 2(6): 1-8.
  • Panche, A.N., Diwan, A.D., Chandra, S.R. (2016). Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci. 5 (47): 1-15.
  • Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med. 26: 1231–1237.
  • Reynertson, K.A., Basile, M.J., Kennelly, E.J. (2005). Antioxidant potential of seven Myrtaceous fruits. Ethnobotany Res Appl. 3: 25–35.
  • Stintzing, F.C., Carle, R. (2005). Cactus stems (Opuntia spp.): A review on their chemistry, technology, and uses. Mol Nutr Food Res. 49(2): 175-94.
  • Stintzing, F.C., Schieber, A., Carle, R. (2001). Phytochemical and nutritional significance of cactus pear. Eur Food Res Technol. 212: 396-407.
  • Su, L., Yin, J., Charles, D., Zhou, K., Moore, J., Yu, L. (2007). Total phenolic contents, chelating capacities, and radical-scavenging properties of black peppercorn, nutmeg, rosehip, cinnamon, and oregano leaf. Food Chem. 100: 990-997.
  • Surinrut, P., Kaewsutthi, S., Surakarnkul, R. (2005). Radical Scavenging Activity in Fruit Extracts. Proc. WOCMAP III, Vol. 5: Quality, Efficacy, Safety, Processing & Trade in MAPs.
  • Velioglu, Y. S., Mazza, G., Gao, L., & Oomah, B. D. (1998). Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolics in Selected Fruits, Vegetables, and Grain Products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46, 4113-4117.
  • Zanoelo, E.F., Cardozo-Filho, L., Cardozo-Junior, E.L. (2006). Superheated steam drying of mate leaves and effect of drying conditions on the phenol content. J Food Process Eng 29(3): 253-268.

Dondurma ve Kurutma Yöntemlerinin Dikenli İncir (Opuntia ficus-indica) Meyvesinin Bazı Biyokimyasal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2020, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 535 - 543, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.689862

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, dikenli incir (Opuntia ficus-indica) meyvesi taze, dondurulmuş, güneş ve mikrodalga ile kurutularak incelenmiştir. Taze Opuntia ficus-indica örneklerinde toplam fenolik ve flavonoid madde içeriği sırasıyla 3.30 µg GAE/g KM ve 1.46 µg QE/g KM bulunurken, güneşte kurutulmuş örneklerde ise 2.60 µg GAE/g KM ve 0.56 µg QE/g KM olarak bulunmuştur. Antioksidan kapasitenin göstergesi olan TEAC ve IC50 değerleri taze meyvelerde sırasıyla 66.91 µmol Trolox/g KM ve 45.95 mg/mL iken, güneşte kurutulmuş örneklerde ise 39.01 µmol Trolox/g KM ve 57.36 mg ml-1 olarak bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Taze dikenli incirdeki grelin, GSH, GSSG ve MDA miktarları sırasıyla 19.20; 372; 20.85; 3.00 µg/g KM iken, güneşte kurutulmuş örneklerde ise 9.90; 210.00; 33.60;4.78 µg/g KM olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, kurutulmuş meyvelerdeki grelin ve GSH miktarı azalırken, GSSG ve MDA miktarları artmıştır (p<0.05). Dikenli incir meyvesinin grelin ve GSH açısından zengin olduğu, bu meyvelerin tüm mevsimlerde faydalanılabilmesi için en uygun koruma metodu, dondurarak saklamaktır. Mikrodalga ile kurutma, zaman açısından güneşte kurutma yöntemine göre daha avantajlı görünmektedir

References

  • Abdallatif, A.M., El Kheshin, M.A., Rashedy, A.A. (2015). Antioxidant Potential of some Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cultivars Growing under Salinity Stress. EJOH. 42(2): 654-665.
  • Aydin, S., Geckil, H., Zengin, F., Özercan, H.I., Karatas, F., Aydin, S., Turgut-Balik, D., Ozkan, Y., Dagli, F., Celik, V. (2006). Ghrelin in plants: What is the function of an appetite hormone in plants? Peptides. 27(7): 1597-1602.
  • Babbar, N., Oberoi, H.S., Sandhu, S.K., Bhargav, V.K. (2014). Influence of different solvents in the extraction of phenolic compounds from vegetable residues and their evaluation as natural sources of antioxidants. J Food Sci Technol. 51: 2568–2575.
  • Bensadón, S., Hervert-Hernández, D., Sáyago-Ayerdi, S.G., Goñi, I. (2010). Byproducts of Opuntia ficus-indica as a source of antioxidant dietary fiber. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 65: 210-216.
  • Boligon, A.A., Pereira, R.P., Feltrin, A.C., Machado, M.M., Janovik, V., Rocha, J.B.T., Athayde, M.L. (2009). Antioxidant activities of flavonol derivates from the leaves and stem bark of Scutia buxifolia Reiss. Bioresour Technol. 100: 6592–6598.
  • Carranza-Concha, J., Benlloch, M., Camacho, M.M., Martínez-Navarrete, N. (2012). Effects of drying and pretreatment on the nutritional and functional quality of raisins. Food Bioprod Process. 90(2): 243-248.
  • Davis, P.J., Smales, C.M., James, D.C. (2001). How can thermal processing modify the antigenicity of proteins? Allergy. 56: 56–60.
  • Dewanto, V., Wu, X., Adom, K.K., Liu, R.H. (2002). Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity. J Agric Food Chem. 50: 3010–3014.
  • El-Mostafa, K., El Kharrassi, Y., Badreddine, A., Andreoletti, P., Vamecq, J., Kebbaj, M.H.S.E., Latruffe, N., Lizard, G., Nasser, B., Cherkaoui-Malki, M. (2014). Nopal Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) as Source of Bioactive Compounds for Nutrition, Health, and Disease, Molecules. 19(9): 14879-14901.
  • Gaweł, S., Wardas, M., Niedworok, E., Wardas, P. (2004). Malondialdehyde as lipid peroxidation marker. Wiadomosci Lekarskie. 57 (9-10): 453-455.
  • Hahm, S.W., Park, J., Oh, SY., Lee, C.W., Park, K.Y., Kim, H., Son, Y.S. (2015). Anticancer Properties of Extracts from Opuntia humifusa Against Human Cervical Carcinoma Cells. J Med Food. 18 (1): 31–44.
  • Ibrahim, M.S., Ibrahim, Y.I., Mukhtar, Z.G., Karatas, F. (2017). Amount of Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Malondialdehyde, Glutathione, Ghrelin, Beta-Carotene, Lyco¬pene in Fruits of Hawthorn, Midland (Crataegus laevigata). J Hum Nutr Food Sci. 5(3): 1112-1117.
  • Kamiloglu, S., Toydemir, G., Boyacioglu, D., Beekwilder, J., Hall, R.D., Capanoglu, E. (2015). A review on the effect of drying on antioxidant potential of fruits and vegetables. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 56(1): S110-S129.
  • Karatas, F., Kamisli, F. (2007). Variations of vitamins (A, C and E) and MDA in apricots dried in IR and microwave. J Food Eng. 78: 662–668.
  • Kumar, S., Yadav, P., Jain, V., Malhotra, S.P. (2011). Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative System in Ripening Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) Fruits. Food Technol Biotechnol 49(4): 453-459.
  • Livrea, M.A., Tesoriere, L. (2006). Health benefits and bioactive components of the fruits from Opuntia ficus-indica [L.] Mill. J Prof Assoc Cactus. 8: 73-90.
  • Mendoza-Cózatl, D., Loza-Tavera, H., Hernández-Navarro, A., Moreno-Sánchez, R. (2005). Sulfur assimilation and glutathione metabolism under cadmium stress in yeast, photosynthetic protists, and plants. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 29(4): 653–671.
  • Miletic, N., Mitrovic, O., Popovic, B., Nedovic, V., Zlatkovic, B., Kandic, M. (2013). Polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity in fruits of plum (Prunus Domestica L.) cultivars “valjevka” and “mildora” as influenced by air drying. J Food Qual. 36: 229-237.
  • Nile, S.H., Kim, S.H., Ko, E.Y., Park, S.W. (2013). Polyphenolic Contents and Antioxidant Properties of Different Grape (V. vinifera, V. labrusca, and V. hybrid). Cultivars. 2013: 1-5.
  • Osuna-Martínez, U., Reyes-Esparza, J., Rodríguez-Fragoso, L. (2014). Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica): A Review on its Antioxidants Properties and Potential Pharmacological Use in Chronic Diseases. Nat Prod Chem Res. 2(6): 1-8.
  • Panche, A.N., Diwan, A.D., Chandra, S.R. (2016). Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci. 5 (47): 1-15.
  • Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radic Biol Med. 26: 1231–1237.
  • Reynertson, K.A., Basile, M.J., Kennelly, E.J. (2005). Antioxidant potential of seven Myrtaceous fruits. Ethnobotany Res Appl. 3: 25–35.
  • Stintzing, F.C., Carle, R. (2005). Cactus stems (Opuntia spp.): A review on their chemistry, technology, and uses. Mol Nutr Food Res. 49(2): 175-94.
  • Stintzing, F.C., Schieber, A., Carle, R. (2001). Phytochemical and nutritional significance of cactus pear. Eur Food Res Technol. 212: 396-407.
  • Su, L., Yin, J., Charles, D., Zhou, K., Moore, J., Yu, L. (2007). Total phenolic contents, chelating capacities, and radical-scavenging properties of black peppercorn, nutmeg, rosehip, cinnamon, and oregano leaf. Food Chem. 100: 990-997.
  • Surinrut, P., Kaewsutthi, S., Surakarnkul, R. (2005). Radical Scavenging Activity in Fruit Extracts. Proc. WOCMAP III, Vol. 5: Quality, Efficacy, Safety, Processing & Trade in MAPs.
  • Velioglu, Y. S., Mazza, G., Gao, L., & Oomah, B. D. (1998). Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolics in Selected Fruits, Vegetables, and Grain Products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46, 4113-4117.
  • Zanoelo, E.F., Cardozo-Filho, L., Cardozo-Junior, E.L. (2006). Superheated steam drying of mate leaves and effect of drying conditions on the phenol content. J Food Process Eng 29(3): 253-268.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Meltem Çakmak This is me 0000-0002-6291-863X

Büşra Bakar This is me 0000-0001-7793-1119

Muhammad Ibrahim 0000-0002-7535-4140

Dursun Özer 0000-0002-7225-8903

Fikret Karataş 0000-0002-0884-027X

Sinan Saydam 0000-0003-1531-5454

Publication Date September 30, 2020
Acceptance Date August 6, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 30 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çakmak, M., Bakar, B., Ibrahim, M., Özer, D., et al. (2020). Effect of Freezing and Drying Methods on Some Biochemical Properties of Prickly Fig (Opuntia ficus-indica) Fruit. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 30(3), 535-543. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.689862
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