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INCIDENCE OF ANNOSUM ROOT AND BUT ROT ON ABIES BORNMULLERIANA AND ABIES CILICICA

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 111 - 120, 20.03.2011

Öz

The present study was carried out during 2008 in order to determine the presence of Annosum root and butt rot on living Abies bornmülleriana and Abies cilicica
trees in 3 different stands located in Bolu and Antalya (Akseki) provinces. Totally, 255 wood samples, taken from fresh stump surfaces of fir trees just after felling, were carried to laboratory and examined for the existence of the anamorph stage of  Heterobasidion
(Spiniger meineckellus (Olson) Stalpers) species. Disease incidence was 28.2% and 18.8% on the pure and mixed stands of A. bornmülleriana in Bolu, respectively, and 11.5% on the pure A. cilicica stand in Akseki. It is concluded that  78.5 % of discs cut from A. cilicicawere contaminated by airborne spores of the fungus.

Kaynakça

  • Anonim, 2008. Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Ankara.
  • Aussenac, G., 2002. Ecology and ecophysiology of circum-Mediterranean firs in the context of climate change. Annals of Forest Science 59 (8) 823-832.
  • Bonello, P., Storer, A. J., Gordon, T. R., Wood, D. L. and Heler, W. 2003. Systemic Effects of Heterobasidion annosum on Ferulic Acid Glucoside and Lignin of Presymptomatic Ponderosa Pine Phloem, and Potential Effects on Bark-Beetle- Associated Fungi. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29 (5) 1167-1182.
  • Capretti, P., Korhonen, K., Mugnai, L., Romagnoli, C., 1990. An intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum specialised to Abies alba. European Journal of Forest Pathology 20: 231-240.
  • Chase, T.E. and Ullrich, R.C., 1983. Sexuality, distribution, and dispersal of Heterobasidion annosum in pine plantations of Vermont. Mycologia 75: 825- 831.
  • Dimitri, L. and Tomiczek, C., 1998. Germany and Austria. In: Woodward, S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R., Hüttermann, A. (Eds), Heterobasidion annosum: Biology, Ecology, Impact and Control, CAB Internatinal, Wallingford, UK, pp 355-368
  • Doğmuş- Lehtijärvi, H.T., Lehtijärvi, A., Korhonen, K., 2006. Heterobasidion abietinum on Abies species in western Turkey. European Journal of Forest Pathology 36: 280- 286.
  • Doğmuş- Lehtijärvi, H.T., Lehtijärvi, A., Korhonen, K., 2007a. Heterobasidion on Abies nordmanniana in northeastern Turkey. European Journal of Forest Pathology 37: 387-390.
  • Genç, M., 2004. Silvikültürün Temel Esasları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Yayınları 269-280. Isparta.
  • Hodges, C. S., 1969. Modes of infection and spread of Fomes annosus. Annual Reviews of Phytopathology 7: 247- 266.
  • Holmer, L. & Stenlid, J. 1993. The importance of inoculum size for the competitive ability of wood ecomposing fungi. FEMS Microbiology and ecology 12, 169-176.
  • Holmsgaard, E., Neckelmann, J., Olsen, H.C. & Paludan, Fr. 1968. On the dependence of butt rot on soil conditions and silvicultural methods of spruce planting in Jutland heath areas. Det Forstlige Forsİgsvæsen in Danmark 30: 187–407. (In Danish with English summary).
  • Hüttermann, A. & Woodward, S. 1998. Historical aspects. In: Woodward, S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R and Hüttermann, A. (eds.). Heterobasidion annosum: Biology, ecology, impact and control. CAB International, ISBN 0 85199 275 7, pp. 1-25.
  • Jankovský, L., Cudlín, L.P., Moravec, I. 2003. Root Decays As A Potential Predisposition Factor Of A Bark Beetle Disaster İn The Šumava Mts. Journal of Forest Science, 49, 2003 (3): 125–132.
  • Johansson, M. & Marklund, E. 1980. Antagonists of Fomes annosus in the rhizosphere of grey alder (Alnus incana) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). European Journal of Forest Pathology 10: 385–396.
  • Kellomaki, S., Karjalainen, T., Mohren, F. and Lapvetelainen T., 2000. Expert assessments of the likely impacts of climate change on forests and forestry in Europe. European Forest Institute. 124p.
  • Korhonen, K. 1978. Intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae. 94: (6), 1-25.
  • Korhonen, K., Capretti P., Moriondo, F. and Mugnai, L.., 1989. A new breeding group of Heterobasidion annosum found in Europe. In Morrison, D,J. (Ed), Proceedings of the 7th. International Conference on Root And Butt Rots, Vernon& Victoria, Canada 1998pp. 20-26.
  • Korhonen, K. & Piri, T. 1994. The main hosts and distribution of the S and P groups of Heterobasidion annosum in Finland. In: Johansson, M. and Stenlid, J. (eds.). Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Root and Butt Rots. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala. pp. 260-267.
  • Korhonen, K. & Stenlid, J. 1998. Biology. In: Woodward, S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R & Hüttermann, A. (eds.). Heterobasidion annosum: Biology, ecology, impact and control. CAB International, ISBN 0 85199 275 7, pp. 43-70.
  • Korhonen, K., Delatour, C., Greig, B.J.W. & Schönar, S. 1998. Silvicultural control. In: Woodward, S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R & Hüttermann, A. (eds.). Heterobasidion annosum: Biology, ecology, impact and control. CAB International, ISBN 0 85199 275 7, pp. 283-313.
  • Kurkela, T. 2002. Crown condition as an indicator of the incidence of root rot caused by Heterobasidion annosum in Scots pine stands. Silva Fennica 36(2): 451–457.
  • Lännenpää, A., Aakala, T., Kauhanen, H. & Kuuluvainen, T. 2008. Tree mortality agents in pristine Norway spruce forests in northern Fennoscandia. Silva Fennica 42(2): 151–163.
  • Lindberg, M. and Johansson, M., 1992. Resistance of Picea abies seedlings to infection by Heterobasidion annosum in relation to drought stress. European Journal of Forest Pathology 22, 115–124.
  • Lindén, M. & Vollbrecht, G. 2002. Sensitivity of Picea abies to butt rot in pure stands and in mixed stands with Pinus sylvestris in southern Sweden. Silva Fennica 36(4), 767-778.
  • Markalas, S., 1992. Site and stand factors related to mortality rate in a fir forest after a combined incidence of drought and insect attack. Forest Ecology and Management, 47, 367- 374.
  • Niemelä, T. & Korhonen, K. 1998. Taxonomy of the genus Heterobasidion. In: Woodward S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R & Hüttermann, A. (eds.). Heterobasidion annosum Biology, ecology, impact and control. CAB International, ISBN 0 85199 275 7, pp. 27-33.
  • Pratt, J. E., 1979. Fomes annosus butt-rot of Sitka spruce I. Observations on the development of butt-rot in individual trees and in stands. Forestry, 52, 11-29.
  • Redfern, D.B. & Stenlid, J. 1998. Spore dispersal and infection. In: Woodward, S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R & Hüttermann, A. (eds.). Heterobasidion annosum: Biology, ecology, impact and control. CAB International, ISBN 0 85199 275 7, pp. 105- 124.
  • Rishbeth, J. 1951. Observations on the biology of Fomes annosus with particular reference to East Anglian pine plantations. II. Spore production, stump infection, and saprophytic activity in stumps. Annals of botany 15, 1-21.
  • Rishbeth, J. 1957. Some further observations on Fomes annosus Fr. Forestry 30: 69–89.
  • Rönnberg, J., Petrylaite, E., Nilsson, G., Pratt, J., 2006. Two studies to assess the risk to Pinus sylvestris from Heterobasidion spp. in Southern Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 21: 405-413
  • Sarıkaya,O., Avcı, M., 2002. Batı Akdeniz Toros Göknarı (Abies cilicica Carr.) Ormanlarında Ağaç Ölümleri. Orman Mühendisliği Dergisi, Yıl:39, Sayı:9-10, sf. 20-24. Ankara
  • Sıvacıoğlu, A., Ayan, S., Öner, N., 2007. Silvikültürel Uygulamaların Ilgaz Dağları Göknar Ormanlarındaki Meşcere Yapısına Ve Çevreye Etkisi, Ulusal Çevre Sempozyumu, 18-21 Nisan,2007 Mersin,S.196.
  • Stenlid, J. & Wästerlund, I. 1986. Estimating the frequency of stem rot in Picea abies using an increment borer. Scandianvian Journal of Forest Research 1, 303-308.
  • Stenlid, J. & Redfern, D.B. 1998. Spread within the tree and stand. In: Woodward, S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R & Hüttermann, A. (eds.). Heterobasidion annosum: Biology, ecology, impact and control. CAB International, ISBN 0 85199 275 7, pp. 125-141.
  • Şimşek, Z., Öner, N., 2002. Ilgaz-Yenice orman ekosisteminde bulunan kabuk böceklerinin salgın yapmasında meşcere yapısı ve iklim koşullarının etkisi.II. Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi, 12 s.
  • Şimşek, Z., Öner, N., 2003. Ilgaz (Derbent ve Doruk)'da Uludağ Göknarı (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana Mattf.) Meşcerelerinin Silvikültürel Özellikleri İle Saptanan Kabukböcekleri ve Mücadele Yöntemleri, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri:A, Sayı:2, 49-60.
  • Toper Kaygın, A. ve A. Sıvacıoğlu, “Kastamonu-Ilgaz Dağları Göknar (Abies bornmülleriana Mattf.) Ormanlarındaki Silvikültürel Müdahalelerin Böcek ve Fırtına Zararı Üzerindeki Etkileri”, II.Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi, 15 - 17.05.2002, Artvin.
  • Tsopelas P., Angelopoulos, A., Economou, A., Soulioti, N., 2004. Mistletoe (Viscum album) in the Şr forest of Mount Parnis, Greece. Forest Ecology and Management 202 59–65
  • Tsopelas, P., Angelopoulos, A., 2003. Incidence of root diseases in the Şr-forest of Mount Parnis National Park, Greece. In: Laflamme, G. (Ed.), Proceeding of 10th IUFRO International Conference on Root and Butt Rots, Quebec City, Canada. September 16–22, 2001. Canadian Forest Service, pp. 408–412.
  • Uslu ,N., Ünal , S., Küçük , Ö., 2001. Ilgaz Dağı Ormanlarında Göknar Kanseri (Melampsorella caryophyllacearum Schröter) Zararı Üzerine Araştırmalar , Türkiye IX. Fitopatoloji kongresi, Bildiriler kitabı, 3-8 Eylül 2001, Tekirdağ
  • Ünal, S., Sıvacıoğlu, A., Ayan, S., Öner, N., 2007. Ilgaz Dağları Ormanlarındaki Fırtına Devrikleri ve Entomolojik Sonuçları, Ulusal Çevre Sempozyumu, 18-21 Nisan,2007 Mersin, S.149.
  • Vollbrecht, G. & Jİrgensen, B. B. 1995. Modelling the incidence of butt rot in plantations of Picea abies in Denmark. Canadian journal of forest research 25: 1887-1896.
  • Yde-Andersen, A. 1962: Seasonal incidence of stump infection in Norway spruce by air- borne Fomes annosus spores. For. Sci. 8, 98–103.
  • Yıldız,O., Esen, D., Akbulut, S., 2007. Effects of different ecological and silvicultural factors on beetle catches in the Turkish fir (Abies bornmülleriana Mattf.) ecosystems. Journal of pest science, Vol. 80 (3), pp. 145-150.

ANNOSUM KÖK VE ALT GÖVDE ÇÜRÜKLÜĞÜNÜN ABİES BORNMÜLLERİANA VE ABIES CILICICA MEŞCERELERİNDE YOĞUNLUĞUNUN BELİRLENMESİ

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 111 - 120, 20.03.2011

Öz

Bu çalışma 2008 yılında, Annosum kök ve alt gövde çürüklüğünün  Abies bornmülleriana ve  Abies cilicica meşcereleri  üzerinde yoğunluğunu belirlemek üzere gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, Bolu ve Antalya (Akseki) illerinde, 3 meşcerede arazi sörveyleri yapılmıştır. Göknar ağaçlarından alınan  disk ve disk parçalarından oluşan 255 örnek, laboratuar koşullarında  Heterobasidion  türlerinin eşeysiz döneminin  (Spiniger meineckellus (Olson) Stalpers) varlığı açısından incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; A. bornmülleriana’ nın saf ve karışık meşcerelerinde hastalık  yoğunluğu sırasıyla % 28.2 ve % 18.8,  A. cilicica meşceresinde ise bu  oran % 11.5 olarak bulunmuştur.  Bunun yanında, A. cilicica’ dan kesilen disklerin % 78,5’inde görülen bulaşmanın havadan ulaşan sporlar aracılığı ile olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Anonim, 2008. Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Ankara.
  • Aussenac, G., 2002. Ecology and ecophysiology of circum-Mediterranean firs in the context of climate change. Annals of Forest Science 59 (8) 823-832.
  • Bonello, P., Storer, A. J., Gordon, T. R., Wood, D. L. and Heler, W. 2003. Systemic Effects of Heterobasidion annosum on Ferulic Acid Glucoside and Lignin of Presymptomatic Ponderosa Pine Phloem, and Potential Effects on Bark-Beetle- Associated Fungi. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29 (5) 1167-1182.
  • Capretti, P., Korhonen, K., Mugnai, L., Romagnoli, C., 1990. An intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum specialised to Abies alba. European Journal of Forest Pathology 20: 231-240.
  • Chase, T.E. and Ullrich, R.C., 1983. Sexuality, distribution, and dispersal of Heterobasidion annosum in pine plantations of Vermont. Mycologia 75: 825- 831.
  • Dimitri, L. and Tomiczek, C., 1998. Germany and Austria. In: Woodward, S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R., Hüttermann, A. (Eds), Heterobasidion annosum: Biology, Ecology, Impact and Control, CAB Internatinal, Wallingford, UK, pp 355-368
  • Doğmuş- Lehtijärvi, H.T., Lehtijärvi, A., Korhonen, K., 2006. Heterobasidion abietinum on Abies species in western Turkey. European Journal of Forest Pathology 36: 280- 286.
  • Doğmuş- Lehtijärvi, H.T., Lehtijärvi, A., Korhonen, K., 2007a. Heterobasidion on Abies nordmanniana in northeastern Turkey. European Journal of Forest Pathology 37: 387-390.
  • Genç, M., 2004. Silvikültürün Temel Esasları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Yayınları 269-280. Isparta.
  • Hodges, C. S., 1969. Modes of infection and spread of Fomes annosus. Annual Reviews of Phytopathology 7: 247- 266.
  • Holmer, L. & Stenlid, J. 1993. The importance of inoculum size for the competitive ability of wood ecomposing fungi. FEMS Microbiology and ecology 12, 169-176.
  • Holmsgaard, E., Neckelmann, J., Olsen, H.C. & Paludan, Fr. 1968. On the dependence of butt rot on soil conditions and silvicultural methods of spruce planting in Jutland heath areas. Det Forstlige Forsİgsvæsen in Danmark 30: 187–407. (In Danish with English summary).
  • Hüttermann, A. & Woodward, S. 1998. Historical aspects. In: Woodward, S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R and Hüttermann, A. (eds.). Heterobasidion annosum: Biology, ecology, impact and control. CAB International, ISBN 0 85199 275 7, pp. 1-25.
  • Jankovský, L., Cudlín, L.P., Moravec, I. 2003. Root Decays As A Potential Predisposition Factor Of A Bark Beetle Disaster İn The Šumava Mts. Journal of Forest Science, 49, 2003 (3): 125–132.
  • Johansson, M. & Marklund, E. 1980. Antagonists of Fomes annosus in the rhizosphere of grey alder (Alnus incana) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). European Journal of Forest Pathology 10: 385–396.
  • Kellomaki, S., Karjalainen, T., Mohren, F. and Lapvetelainen T., 2000. Expert assessments of the likely impacts of climate change on forests and forestry in Europe. European Forest Institute. 124p.
  • Korhonen, K. 1978. Intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum. Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae. 94: (6), 1-25.
  • Korhonen, K., Capretti P., Moriondo, F. and Mugnai, L.., 1989. A new breeding group of Heterobasidion annosum found in Europe. In Morrison, D,J. (Ed), Proceedings of the 7th. International Conference on Root And Butt Rots, Vernon& Victoria, Canada 1998pp. 20-26.
  • Korhonen, K. & Piri, T. 1994. The main hosts and distribution of the S and P groups of Heterobasidion annosum in Finland. In: Johansson, M. and Stenlid, J. (eds.). Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Root and Butt Rots. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala. pp. 260-267.
  • Korhonen, K. & Stenlid, J. 1998. Biology. In: Woodward, S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R & Hüttermann, A. (eds.). Heterobasidion annosum: Biology, ecology, impact and control. CAB International, ISBN 0 85199 275 7, pp. 43-70.
  • Korhonen, K., Delatour, C., Greig, B.J.W. & Schönar, S. 1998. Silvicultural control. In: Woodward, S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R & Hüttermann, A. (eds.). Heterobasidion annosum: Biology, ecology, impact and control. CAB International, ISBN 0 85199 275 7, pp. 283-313.
  • Kurkela, T. 2002. Crown condition as an indicator of the incidence of root rot caused by Heterobasidion annosum in Scots pine stands. Silva Fennica 36(2): 451–457.
  • Lännenpää, A., Aakala, T., Kauhanen, H. & Kuuluvainen, T. 2008. Tree mortality agents in pristine Norway spruce forests in northern Fennoscandia. Silva Fennica 42(2): 151–163.
  • Lindberg, M. and Johansson, M., 1992. Resistance of Picea abies seedlings to infection by Heterobasidion annosum in relation to drought stress. European Journal of Forest Pathology 22, 115–124.
  • Lindén, M. & Vollbrecht, G. 2002. Sensitivity of Picea abies to butt rot in pure stands and in mixed stands with Pinus sylvestris in southern Sweden. Silva Fennica 36(4), 767-778.
  • Markalas, S., 1992. Site and stand factors related to mortality rate in a fir forest after a combined incidence of drought and insect attack. Forest Ecology and Management, 47, 367- 374.
  • Niemelä, T. & Korhonen, K. 1998. Taxonomy of the genus Heterobasidion. In: Woodward S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R & Hüttermann, A. (eds.). Heterobasidion annosum Biology, ecology, impact and control. CAB International, ISBN 0 85199 275 7, pp. 27-33.
  • Pratt, J. E., 1979. Fomes annosus butt-rot of Sitka spruce I. Observations on the development of butt-rot in individual trees and in stands. Forestry, 52, 11-29.
  • Redfern, D.B. & Stenlid, J. 1998. Spore dispersal and infection. In: Woodward, S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R & Hüttermann, A. (eds.). Heterobasidion annosum: Biology, ecology, impact and control. CAB International, ISBN 0 85199 275 7, pp. 105- 124.
  • Rishbeth, J. 1951. Observations on the biology of Fomes annosus with particular reference to East Anglian pine plantations. II. Spore production, stump infection, and saprophytic activity in stumps. Annals of botany 15, 1-21.
  • Rishbeth, J. 1957. Some further observations on Fomes annosus Fr. Forestry 30: 69–89.
  • Rönnberg, J., Petrylaite, E., Nilsson, G., Pratt, J., 2006. Two studies to assess the risk to Pinus sylvestris from Heterobasidion spp. in Southern Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 21: 405-413
  • Sarıkaya,O., Avcı, M., 2002. Batı Akdeniz Toros Göknarı (Abies cilicica Carr.) Ormanlarında Ağaç Ölümleri. Orman Mühendisliği Dergisi, Yıl:39, Sayı:9-10, sf. 20-24. Ankara
  • Sıvacıoğlu, A., Ayan, S., Öner, N., 2007. Silvikültürel Uygulamaların Ilgaz Dağları Göknar Ormanlarındaki Meşcere Yapısına Ve Çevreye Etkisi, Ulusal Çevre Sempozyumu, 18-21 Nisan,2007 Mersin,S.196.
  • Stenlid, J. & Wästerlund, I. 1986. Estimating the frequency of stem rot in Picea abies using an increment borer. Scandianvian Journal of Forest Research 1, 303-308.
  • Stenlid, J. & Redfern, D.B. 1998. Spread within the tree and stand. In: Woodward, S., Stenlid, J., Karjalainen, R & Hüttermann, A. (eds.). Heterobasidion annosum: Biology, ecology, impact and control. CAB International, ISBN 0 85199 275 7, pp. 125-141.
  • Şimşek, Z., Öner, N., 2002. Ilgaz-Yenice orman ekosisteminde bulunan kabuk böceklerinin salgın yapmasında meşcere yapısı ve iklim koşullarının etkisi.II. Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi, 12 s.
  • Şimşek, Z., Öner, N., 2003. Ilgaz (Derbent ve Doruk)'da Uludağ Göknarı (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana Mattf.) Meşcerelerinin Silvikültürel Özellikleri İle Saptanan Kabukböcekleri ve Mücadele Yöntemleri, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri:A, Sayı:2, 49-60.
  • Toper Kaygın, A. ve A. Sıvacıoğlu, “Kastamonu-Ilgaz Dağları Göknar (Abies bornmülleriana Mattf.) Ormanlarındaki Silvikültürel Müdahalelerin Böcek ve Fırtına Zararı Üzerindeki Etkileri”, II.Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi, 15 - 17.05.2002, Artvin.
  • Tsopelas P., Angelopoulos, A., Economou, A., Soulioti, N., 2004. Mistletoe (Viscum album) in the Şr forest of Mount Parnis, Greece. Forest Ecology and Management 202 59–65
  • Tsopelas, P., Angelopoulos, A., 2003. Incidence of root diseases in the Şr-forest of Mount Parnis National Park, Greece. In: Laflamme, G. (Ed.), Proceeding of 10th IUFRO International Conference on Root and Butt Rots, Quebec City, Canada. September 16–22, 2001. Canadian Forest Service, pp. 408–412.
  • Uslu ,N., Ünal , S., Küçük , Ö., 2001. Ilgaz Dağı Ormanlarında Göknar Kanseri (Melampsorella caryophyllacearum Schröter) Zararı Üzerine Araştırmalar , Türkiye IX. Fitopatoloji kongresi, Bildiriler kitabı, 3-8 Eylül 2001, Tekirdağ
  • Ünal, S., Sıvacıoğlu, A., Ayan, S., Öner, N., 2007. Ilgaz Dağları Ormanlarındaki Fırtına Devrikleri ve Entomolojik Sonuçları, Ulusal Çevre Sempozyumu, 18-21 Nisan,2007 Mersin, S.149.
  • Vollbrecht, G. & Jİrgensen, B. B. 1995. Modelling the incidence of butt rot in plantations of Picea abies in Denmark. Canadian journal of forest research 25: 1887-1896.
  • Yde-Andersen, A. 1962: Seasonal incidence of stump infection in Norway spruce by air- borne Fomes annosus spores. For. Sci. 8, 98–103.
  • Yıldız,O., Esen, D., Akbulut, S., 2007. Effects of different ecological and silvicultural factors on beetle catches in the Turkish fir (Abies bornmülleriana Mattf.) ecosystems. Journal of pest science, Vol. 80 (3), pp. 145-150.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Eski Sayılar
Yazarlar

H.t. Doğmuş Lehtijarvi

A. Lehtijarvi

F. Oskay

A.g. Aday

M. Karadeniz

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Mart 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2008Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Doğmuş Lehtijarvi, H., Lehtijarvi, A., Oskay, F., Aday, A., vd. (2011). INCIDENCE OF ANNOSUM ROOT AND BUT ROT ON ABIES BORNMULLERIANA AND ABIES CILICICA. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 111-120.
AMA Doğmuş Lehtijarvi H, Lehtijarvi A, Oskay F, Aday A, Karadeniz M. INCIDENCE OF ANNOSUM ROOT AND BUT ROT ON ABIES BORNMULLERIANA AND ABIES CILICICA. AÇÜOFD. Mart 2011;9(1):111-120.
Chicago Doğmuş Lehtijarvi, H.t., A. Lehtijarvi, F. Oskay, A.g. Aday, ve M. Karadeniz. “INCIDENCE OF ANNOSUM ROOT AND BUT ROT ON ABIES BORNMULLERIANA AND ABIES CILICICA”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 9, sy. 1 (Mart 2011): 111-20.
EndNote Doğmuş Lehtijarvi H, Lehtijarvi A, Oskay F, Aday A, Karadeniz M (01 Mart 2011) INCIDENCE OF ANNOSUM ROOT AND BUT ROT ON ABIES BORNMULLERIANA AND ABIES CILICICA. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 9 1 111–120.
IEEE H. Doğmuş Lehtijarvi, A. Lehtijarvi, F. Oskay, A. Aday, ve M. Karadeniz, “INCIDENCE OF ANNOSUM ROOT AND BUT ROT ON ABIES BORNMULLERIANA AND ABIES CILICICA”, AÇÜOFD, c. 9, sy. 1, ss. 111–120, 2011.
ISNAD Doğmuş Lehtijarvi, H.t. vd. “INCIDENCE OF ANNOSUM ROOT AND BUT ROT ON ABIES BORNMULLERIANA AND ABIES CILICICA”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 9/1 (Mart 2011), 111-120.
JAMA Doğmuş Lehtijarvi H, Lehtijarvi A, Oskay F, Aday A, Karadeniz M. INCIDENCE OF ANNOSUM ROOT AND BUT ROT ON ABIES BORNMULLERIANA AND ABIES CILICICA. AÇÜOFD. 2011;9:111–120.
MLA Doğmuş Lehtijarvi, H.t. vd. “INCIDENCE OF ANNOSUM ROOT AND BUT ROT ON ABIES BORNMULLERIANA AND ABIES CILICICA”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 1, 2011, ss. 111-20.
Vancouver Doğmuş Lehtijarvi H, Lehtijarvi A, Oskay F, Aday A, Karadeniz M. INCIDENCE OF ANNOSUM ROOT AND BUT ROT ON ABIES BORNMULLERIANA AND ABIES CILICICA. AÇÜOFD. 2011;9(1):111-20.
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