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The Use of Camera Traps in Wildlife

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 321 - 331, 19.05.2013

Öz

Camera traps are increasingly used in the abundance and density estimates of wildlife species. Camera traps are very good alternative for direct observation in case, particularly, steep terrain, dense vegetation covered areas or nocturnal species. The main reason for the use of camera traps is eliminated that the economic, personnel and time loss in a continuous manner at the same time in different points. Camera traps, motion and heat sensitive, can take a photo or video according to the models. Crossover points and feeding or mating areas of the focal species are addressed as a priority camera trap set locations. The population size can be finding out by the images combined with Capture-Recapture methods. The population density came out the population size divided to effective sampling area size. Mating and breeding season, habitat choice, group structures and survival rates of the focal species can be achieved from the images. Camera traps are very useful to obtain the necessary data about the particularly mysterious species with economically in planning and conservation efforts.

Kaynakça

  • Balme G, Hunter LTB, Slotow R (2009) Evaluating methods for counting cryptic carnivores. Journal of Wildlife Management 73, 431–443.
  • Burton AC, Sam MK, Kpelle DG, Balangtaa C, Buedi EB, Brashares JS (2011) Evaluating persistence and its predictors in a West African carnivore community, Biological Conservation 144, 2344–2353
  • Chauhan DS, Harihar A, Goyal SP, QureshiQ, Lal P, Mathur VB (2005a) Estimating tiger population using camera traps in Ranthambore National Park. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, India.
  • Chauhan DS, Harihar A, Goyal SP, Qureshi Q, Lal P, Mathur VB (2005b) Estimating leopard population using camera traps in Sariska Tiger Reserve. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, India.
  • Ertuğrul ET (2009) Yaban Keçisi ( Capra aegagrus Erxleben1777) Envanterinde Alternatif Gözlem Tekniklerinin Karşılaştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, SDÜ, Isparta.
  • Field S, Tyre A, Possingham H (2005) Optimizing allocation of monitoring effort under economic and observational constraints. Journal of Wildlife Management 69, 473–482.
  • Gompper ME, Kays RW, Ray JC, Lapoint SD, Bogan DA, Cryan JR (2006) A comparison of noninvasive techniques to survey carnivore communities in northeastern North America. Wildlife Soc. Bullt.34, 1142–1151.
  • Harmsen BJ (2006) The use of camera traps for estimating abundance and studying the ecology of jaguars ( Panthera onca ). Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
  • Heilbrun RD, Silvy NJ, Tewes ME, Peterson MJ (2003) Using automatically triggered cameras to individually identify bobcats. Wildlife Society Bulletin 31, 748–755.
  • Henschel P, Ray JC (2003) Leopards in African rainforests: Survey and monitoring techniques. Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Carnivore Program, New York, USA.
  • Jackson RM, Roe JD, Wangchuk R, Hunter DO (2006) Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture– recapture techniques. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34, 772–781.
  • Jackson RM, Roe JD, Wangchuk R, Hunter DO (2006) Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture– recapture techniques. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34, 772–781.
  • Karanth K.U(1995) Estimating tiger ( Panther tigris ) populations from cameras trap data using capture– recapture models. Biological Conservation 71, 333–338.
  • Karanth KU, Bhargav P, Kumar S (2001) Karnataka Tiger Conservation Project. Wildlife Conservation Society, International Programs, Bornx, NY, USA.
  • Karanth KU, Chundawat RS, Nichols JD, Kumar NS (2004) Estimation of tiger densities in the tropical dry forest of Panna, Central India, using photographic capture–recapture sampling. Animal Cons. 7, 285–290.
  • Karanth KU, Nichols JD (2000) Ecological status and conservation tigers in India. Final technical report to the division of International Conservation, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC and Wildlife Conservation Society, New York. Center for Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, India.
  • Karanth KU, Nichols JD (1998) Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures. Ecology 79, 2852–2862.
  • Karanth KU, Nichols JD (2002) Monitoring tigers and their prey: a manual for researchers, managers, and conservationists in Tropical Asia. Center for Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, India.
  • Kawanishi K, Sunquist ME(2004) Conservation status of tigers in a primary rainforest of Peninsular Malaysia. Biological Conservation 120, 329–344.
  • Larrucea ES, Brussard PF, Jaeger MM, Barrett RH (2007) Cameras, coyotes, and the assumption of equal detectability. Journal of Wildlife Management 71, 1682–1689.
  • Long RA, Donovan TM, Mackay P, Zielinski WJ, Buzas JS(2007) Comparing scat detection dogs, cameras, and hair snares for surveying carnivores. Journal of Wildlife Management 71, 2018–2025.
  • Maffei L, Cuellar E, Noss A (2004) One thousand jaguars ( Panthera onca
  • ) in Bolivia’s Chaco? Camera trapping in the Kaa-Iya National Park. Journal of Zoology 262, 295–304. Manley PN, Zielinski WJ, Schlesinger MD, Mori SR (2004) Evaluation of a multiple-species approach to monitoring species at the ecoregion scale. Ecological Applications 14, 296–310.
  • Mccarthy KP, Fuller TK, Ming M, Mccarthy TM, Waits L, Jumabaev K (2008) Assessing estimators of snow leopard abundance. Journal of Wildlife Management 72, 1826–1833.
  • O’Brien TG, Kinnaird M, Wibisono HT (2003) Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape. Animal Conservation 6, 131–139.
  • O’Brien TG, Kinnaird MF, Wibisono HT (2010) Estimation of species richness of large vertebrates using camera traps: an example from an Indonesian rainforest. In: O’Connell A, Nichols J, Karanth, KU (Eds.), Camera Traps: Methods and Analyses. Springer Verlag Press, New York.
  • Oğurlu İ (2003) Yaban Hayatında Envanter, T.C Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü Av ve Yaban Hayatı Dairesi Başkanlığı Matbaası, Ankara, 208 s.
  • Oliveira-Santos LGR, Zuccoa CA, Antunesa PC, Crawshaw PG (2010) Is it possible to individually identify mammals with no natural markings using camera-traps?Acontrolled casestudy with lowland tapirs, Mammalian Biology, 75, 375–378.
  • Otis DL, Burnham KP, White GC, Anderson DR (1978) Statistical inference from capture data on closed animal populations. Wildlife Monographs 62, 1–135.
  • Palomares F, Revilla E, Calzada J, Fernández N, Delibes M (2005) Reproduction and predispersal survival of Iberian lynx in a subpopulation of the Donana National Park, Biological Conservation 122(1), 53-59.
  • Pesenti E, Zimmermann F(2013) Density estimations of the Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ) in the Swiss Alps, Journal of Mammalogy 94(1), 73-81.
  • Pettorelli N, Lobora AL, Msuha MJ, Foley C, Durant SM (2010) Carnivore biodiversity in Tanzania: revealing the distribution patterns of secretive mammals using camera traps. Animal Conservation 13, 131–139.
  • Rexstad E, Burnham KP (1991) User’s guide for interactive program CAPTURE. Fort Collins: Colorado State University
  • Sağlam B, Ucarlı Y, Yavuz MY, Mıhlı A, İpek A (2011) Group Dynamics of Wild Goat ( Capra aegagrus ) in Rutting Season in the Vercenik Mountain Wildlife Reserve Area, Turkey, XXXth IUGB Congressand Perdix Barcelona, Spain, 5th-9th Sept. (2011)
  • Silver SC, Ostro LET, Marsh LK, Maffei L, Noss AJ, Kelly MJ, Wallace RB, Gomez H, Ayala G (2004) The use of camera traps for estimating jaguar Panthera onca abundance using capture/ recapture analysis. Oryx 38, 148–154.
  • Soisalo MK, Cavalcanti SMC (2006) Estimating the density of a jaguar population in the Brazilian Pantanal using camera-traps and capture– recapture sampling in combination with GPS radio-telemetry. Biological Conservation 129, 487–496.
  • Tobler MW, Carrillo-Percastegui SE, Pitman RL, Mares R, Powell G (2008) An evaluation of camera traps for inventorying large- and medium-sized terrestrial rainforest mammals. Animal Conservation 11, 169–178. van Schaik CP, Griffiths M (1996) Activity patterns of Indonesian rain forest mammals. Biotropica 28, 105–
  • Wallace RB, Gomez H, Ayala G, Espinoza F (2003) Camera trapping capture frequencies for jaguar ( Panthera onca
  • ) in the Tuichi Valley, Bolivia. Mastozoologia Neotropical 10, 133–139. Wang SW, Macdonald DW (2009) The use of camera traps for estimating tiger and leopard populations in the high altitude mountains of Bhutan, Biological Conservation, 142; 606-613. Weingarth K, Heibl C, Knauer F, Zimmermann F, Bufka L, Heurich M (2012) First estimation of Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ) abundance and density using digital cameras and capture– recapture techniques in a German national park, Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 35.
  • Wegge P, Pokheral CP, Jnawali SR (2004) Effects of trapping effort and trap shyness on estimates of tiger abundance from camera trap studies. Animal Conservation 7, 251–256.
  • White GC, Anderson DR, Burnham KP, Otis DL (1982) Capture–recapture and removal methods for sampling closed populations. Los Almos National:Laboratory publication LA- 8787NERP. Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA.
  • Zug R (2009) Individual Identification and Habitat Use of Andean Bears on Private Lands in the Ecuadorian Andes. In: Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.

Yaban Hayatı Çalışmalarında Fotokapan Kullanımı

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 321 - 331, 19.05.2013

Öz

Fotokapanlar tür araştırmalarında, bolluk ve yoğunluk tahminlerinde giderek artan bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Fotokapanlar özellikle sarp arazilerde, yoğun vejetasyonla kaplı alanlarda ya da hedef türün geceleri daha fazla aktif olması durumlarında doğrudan gözlemlere çok iyi bir alternatiftir. Fotokapanların kullanımının en temel nedeni farklı noktalarda, aynı anda ve sürekli bir şekilde gözlem yapılmasının doğuracağı ekonomik, personel ve zaman kaybını ortadan kaldırmasıdır. Harekete ve ısıya duyarlı fotokapanlar modellerine göre fotoğraf veya video kaydı yapabilmektedirler. Fotokapanların kurulum noktaları tespit edilirken hedef türün geçit noktaları, beslenme ya da çiftleşme noktaları öncelikli olarak ele alınmaktadır. Elde edilen görüntüler yakalama-yeniden yakalama örneklem metodu (Capture-Recapture) ile kombine edilerek hedef türün popülasyon büyüklüğü ortaya konulmaktadır. Popülasyon büyüklüğünün etkili örnekleme alanına bölünmesi ile popülasyon yoğunluğu tespit edilebilmektedir. Ayrıca, temin edilen görüntülerden hedef türün çiftleşme zamanı, habitat tercihi, doğum zamanı ve yavru durumları, grup yapıları ve hayatta kalma oranları hakkında da veriler elde edilebilir. Planlama ve koruma çalışmaları bazında ele alındığında genel olarak fotokapanlar özellikle doğrudan gözlemi zor olan gizemli türlerle ilgili gerekli verilerin elde edilmesine ve bunun ekonomik bir yolla yapılmasına ciddi manada katkı sağlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Balme G, Hunter LTB, Slotow R (2009) Evaluating methods for counting cryptic carnivores. Journal of Wildlife Management 73, 431–443.
  • Burton AC, Sam MK, Kpelle DG, Balangtaa C, Buedi EB, Brashares JS (2011) Evaluating persistence and its predictors in a West African carnivore community, Biological Conservation 144, 2344–2353
  • Chauhan DS, Harihar A, Goyal SP, QureshiQ, Lal P, Mathur VB (2005a) Estimating tiger population using camera traps in Ranthambore National Park. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, India.
  • Chauhan DS, Harihar A, Goyal SP, Qureshi Q, Lal P, Mathur VB (2005b) Estimating leopard population using camera traps in Sariska Tiger Reserve. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, India.
  • Ertuğrul ET (2009) Yaban Keçisi ( Capra aegagrus Erxleben1777) Envanterinde Alternatif Gözlem Tekniklerinin Karşılaştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, SDÜ, Isparta.
  • Field S, Tyre A, Possingham H (2005) Optimizing allocation of monitoring effort under economic and observational constraints. Journal of Wildlife Management 69, 473–482.
  • Gompper ME, Kays RW, Ray JC, Lapoint SD, Bogan DA, Cryan JR (2006) A comparison of noninvasive techniques to survey carnivore communities in northeastern North America. Wildlife Soc. Bullt.34, 1142–1151.
  • Harmsen BJ (2006) The use of camera traps for estimating abundance and studying the ecology of jaguars ( Panthera onca ). Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
  • Heilbrun RD, Silvy NJ, Tewes ME, Peterson MJ (2003) Using automatically triggered cameras to individually identify bobcats. Wildlife Society Bulletin 31, 748–755.
  • Henschel P, Ray JC (2003) Leopards in African rainforests: Survey and monitoring techniques. Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Carnivore Program, New York, USA.
  • Jackson RM, Roe JD, Wangchuk R, Hunter DO (2006) Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture– recapture techniques. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34, 772–781.
  • Jackson RM, Roe JD, Wangchuk R, Hunter DO (2006) Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture– recapture techniques. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34, 772–781.
  • Karanth K.U(1995) Estimating tiger ( Panther tigris ) populations from cameras trap data using capture– recapture models. Biological Conservation 71, 333–338.
  • Karanth KU, Bhargav P, Kumar S (2001) Karnataka Tiger Conservation Project. Wildlife Conservation Society, International Programs, Bornx, NY, USA.
  • Karanth KU, Chundawat RS, Nichols JD, Kumar NS (2004) Estimation of tiger densities in the tropical dry forest of Panna, Central India, using photographic capture–recapture sampling. Animal Cons. 7, 285–290.
  • Karanth KU, Nichols JD (2000) Ecological status and conservation tigers in India. Final technical report to the division of International Conservation, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC and Wildlife Conservation Society, New York. Center for Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, India.
  • Karanth KU, Nichols JD (1998) Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures. Ecology 79, 2852–2862.
  • Karanth KU, Nichols JD (2002) Monitoring tigers and their prey: a manual for researchers, managers, and conservationists in Tropical Asia. Center for Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, India.
  • Kawanishi K, Sunquist ME(2004) Conservation status of tigers in a primary rainforest of Peninsular Malaysia. Biological Conservation 120, 329–344.
  • Larrucea ES, Brussard PF, Jaeger MM, Barrett RH (2007) Cameras, coyotes, and the assumption of equal detectability. Journal of Wildlife Management 71, 1682–1689.
  • Long RA, Donovan TM, Mackay P, Zielinski WJ, Buzas JS(2007) Comparing scat detection dogs, cameras, and hair snares for surveying carnivores. Journal of Wildlife Management 71, 2018–2025.
  • Maffei L, Cuellar E, Noss A (2004) One thousand jaguars ( Panthera onca
  • ) in Bolivia’s Chaco? Camera trapping in the Kaa-Iya National Park. Journal of Zoology 262, 295–304. Manley PN, Zielinski WJ, Schlesinger MD, Mori SR (2004) Evaluation of a multiple-species approach to monitoring species at the ecoregion scale. Ecological Applications 14, 296–310.
  • Mccarthy KP, Fuller TK, Ming M, Mccarthy TM, Waits L, Jumabaev K (2008) Assessing estimators of snow leopard abundance. Journal of Wildlife Management 72, 1826–1833.
  • O’Brien TG, Kinnaird M, Wibisono HT (2003) Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape. Animal Conservation 6, 131–139.
  • O’Brien TG, Kinnaird MF, Wibisono HT (2010) Estimation of species richness of large vertebrates using camera traps: an example from an Indonesian rainforest. In: O’Connell A, Nichols J, Karanth, KU (Eds.), Camera Traps: Methods and Analyses. Springer Verlag Press, New York.
  • Oğurlu İ (2003) Yaban Hayatında Envanter, T.C Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü Av ve Yaban Hayatı Dairesi Başkanlığı Matbaası, Ankara, 208 s.
  • Oliveira-Santos LGR, Zuccoa CA, Antunesa PC, Crawshaw PG (2010) Is it possible to individually identify mammals with no natural markings using camera-traps?Acontrolled casestudy with lowland tapirs, Mammalian Biology, 75, 375–378.
  • Otis DL, Burnham KP, White GC, Anderson DR (1978) Statistical inference from capture data on closed animal populations. Wildlife Monographs 62, 1–135.
  • Palomares F, Revilla E, Calzada J, Fernández N, Delibes M (2005) Reproduction and predispersal survival of Iberian lynx in a subpopulation of the Donana National Park, Biological Conservation 122(1), 53-59.
  • Pesenti E, Zimmermann F(2013) Density estimations of the Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ) in the Swiss Alps, Journal of Mammalogy 94(1), 73-81.
  • Pettorelli N, Lobora AL, Msuha MJ, Foley C, Durant SM (2010) Carnivore biodiversity in Tanzania: revealing the distribution patterns of secretive mammals using camera traps. Animal Conservation 13, 131–139.
  • Rexstad E, Burnham KP (1991) User’s guide for interactive program CAPTURE. Fort Collins: Colorado State University
  • Sağlam B, Ucarlı Y, Yavuz MY, Mıhlı A, İpek A (2011) Group Dynamics of Wild Goat ( Capra aegagrus ) in Rutting Season in the Vercenik Mountain Wildlife Reserve Area, Turkey, XXXth IUGB Congressand Perdix Barcelona, Spain, 5th-9th Sept. (2011)
  • Silver SC, Ostro LET, Marsh LK, Maffei L, Noss AJ, Kelly MJ, Wallace RB, Gomez H, Ayala G (2004) The use of camera traps for estimating jaguar Panthera onca abundance using capture/ recapture analysis. Oryx 38, 148–154.
  • Soisalo MK, Cavalcanti SMC (2006) Estimating the density of a jaguar population in the Brazilian Pantanal using camera-traps and capture– recapture sampling in combination with GPS radio-telemetry. Biological Conservation 129, 487–496.
  • Tobler MW, Carrillo-Percastegui SE, Pitman RL, Mares R, Powell G (2008) An evaluation of camera traps for inventorying large- and medium-sized terrestrial rainforest mammals. Animal Conservation 11, 169–178. van Schaik CP, Griffiths M (1996) Activity patterns of Indonesian rain forest mammals. Biotropica 28, 105–
  • Wallace RB, Gomez H, Ayala G, Espinoza F (2003) Camera trapping capture frequencies for jaguar ( Panthera onca
  • ) in the Tuichi Valley, Bolivia. Mastozoologia Neotropical 10, 133–139. Wang SW, Macdonald DW (2009) The use of camera traps for estimating tiger and leopard populations in the high altitude mountains of Bhutan, Biological Conservation, 142; 606-613. Weingarth K, Heibl C, Knauer F, Zimmermann F, Bufka L, Heurich M (2012) First estimation of Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ) abundance and density using digital cameras and capture– recapture techniques in a German national park, Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 35.
  • Wegge P, Pokheral CP, Jnawali SR (2004) Effects of trapping effort and trap shyness on estimates of tiger abundance from camera trap studies. Animal Conservation 7, 251–256.
  • White GC, Anderson DR, Burnham KP, Otis DL (1982) Capture–recapture and removal methods for sampling closed populations. Los Almos National:Laboratory publication LA- 8787NERP. Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA.
  • Zug R (2009) Individual Identification and Habitat Use of Andean Bears on Private Lands in the Ecuadorian Andes. In: Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mimarlık
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Yasin Uçarlı

Bülent Sağlam

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Mayıs 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Uçarlı, Y., & Sağlam, B. (2013). Yaban Hayatı Çalışmalarında Fotokapan Kullanımı. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2), 321-331.
AMA Uçarlı Y, Sağlam B. Yaban Hayatı Çalışmalarında Fotokapan Kullanımı. AÇÜOFD. Kasım 2013;14(2):321-331.
Chicago Uçarlı, Yasin, ve Bülent Sağlam. “Yaban Hayatı Çalışmalarında Fotokapan Kullanımı”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 14, sy. 2 (Kasım 2013): 321-31.
EndNote Uçarlı Y, Sağlam B (01 Kasım 2013) Yaban Hayatı Çalışmalarında Fotokapan Kullanımı. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 14 2 321–331.
IEEE Y. Uçarlı ve B. Sağlam, “Yaban Hayatı Çalışmalarında Fotokapan Kullanımı”, AÇÜOFD, c. 14, sy. 2, ss. 321–331, 2013.
ISNAD Uçarlı, Yasin - Sağlam, Bülent. “Yaban Hayatı Çalışmalarında Fotokapan Kullanımı”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 14/2 (Kasım 2013), 321-331.
JAMA Uçarlı Y, Sağlam B. Yaban Hayatı Çalışmalarında Fotokapan Kullanımı. AÇÜOFD. 2013;14:321–331.
MLA Uçarlı, Yasin ve Bülent Sağlam. “Yaban Hayatı Çalışmalarında Fotokapan Kullanımı”. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 2, 2013, ss. 321-3.
Vancouver Uçarlı Y, Sağlam B. Yaban Hayatı Çalışmalarında Fotokapan Kullanımı. AÇÜOFD. 2013;14(2):321-3.
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