BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Uludağ Göknarı ve Sarıçam İbrelerinin Bazı Kimyasal Bileşiklerinin Meşcere Yaşına ve Bazı Toprak Özelliklerine Bağlı Olarak Değişimi

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 0 - 0, 01.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.289769

Öz

Özet
Ormanlar karbondioksitin bağlanması, su ve mineral döngüsü, toprak ve suyun korunması, iklimin düzenlenmesi ve en önemlisi atmosferdeki oksijenin sağlanması gibi ekolojik fonksiyonları düzenlediği gibi ekonomik ve sosyokültürel olarak da faydalar sunan doğal kaynaklardır. Göknar ve sarıçam herdem yeşil, ekolojik çeşitlilik ve ekonomik olarak önemli orman ağaçlarındandır. Burada sunulan çalışmada, Kastamonu yöresinde yayılış gösteren Uludağ göknarı (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana) ve sarıçamın (Pinus sylvestris L.) ibrelerinin kimyasal içerikleri üzerinde ağaç yaşı ve bazı toprak özelliklerinin etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için, farklı yaş gruplarındaki Uludağ göknar (38, 60, 90, 100) ve sarıçam (18, 30) ağaçlarından alınan ibre örneklerinin fotosentetik pigment (klorofil and karotenoit), prolin, toplam çözünür protein, glikoz, fruktoz, sakkaroz, nişasta miktarı, lipit peroksidasyon seviyesi (MDA, malondialdehit), hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) konsantrasyonu, askorbat peroksidaz (APx), guaiakol peroksidaz (GPx), katalaz (CAT) ve süperoksitdismutaz (SOD) aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, 90 yaşındaki Uludağ göknarı ibrelerinde pigment, glikoz, nişasta, MDA ve H2O2 miktarı, APx, GPx ve CAT aktivitesi en yüksek bulunurken, prolin ve protein miktarları en düşük bulunmuştur. 38 yaşındaki Uludağ göknarı ibrelerinde ise prolin and protein miktarı en yüksek tespit edilirken, pigment, şeker, nişasta ve MDA miktarı ise daha düşük belirlenmiştir. 60 yaşındaki Uludağ göknarı ibrelerinde ölçülen aynı parametreler ise en düşük miktarlara sahip olmuştur. 18 yaşındaki sarıçam ibrelerinde fotosentetik pigment, prolin ve protein miktarı, APx, GPx ve CAT aktivitesi yüksek bulunurken, şeker ve nişasta miktarı ile SOD aktivitesi ise 30 yaşındaki ibrelerde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, 90 yaşındaki Uludağ göknarı ile 18 yaşındaki sarıçamın diğer yaş gruplarına göre daha üstün özelliklere sahip olduğu; her iki tür ele alındığında ise Uludağ göknarının daha tolerant bir tür olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara ek olarak, orman ağaçlarının toprak özelliklerine göre gösterdiği davranışlarının ağaç türü ve ağaç yaşına göre farklılıklar gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bununla beraber, kesin bir sonuca varabilmek için daha fazla ağaç türlerini ve farklı yaşları kapsayan daha detaylı çalışmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Uludağ Göknarı, Sarıçam, Ağaç Yaşı, Kimyasal İçerikler, Stres, Kastamonu

Kaynakça

  • Akbaş B., Akdeniz N., Aksay A., Altun İ., Balcı V., Bilginer E., Bilgiç T., Duru M., Ercan T., Gedik İ., Günay Y., Güven İ.H., Hakyemez H.Y., Konak N., Papak İ., Pehlivan Ş., Sevin M., Şenel M., Tarhan N., Turhan N., Türkecan A., Ulu Ü., Uğuz M.F., Yurtsever A. vd. 2014. Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını. Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Arnon D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology 24: 1-10.
  • Bates L.S., Waldern R.P., Teare I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil 39: 205-207.
  • Bellamy C.O.C., Malcomson R.D.G., Harrison D.J. Wyllie A.H. 1995. Cell death in health and disease: the biology and regulation of apoptosis. Seminar in Cancer Biol. 6: 3-16.
  • Berges L., Chevalier R., Dumas Y., Franc A., Gilbert J.M. 2005. Sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) site index variations in relation to climate, topography and soil in even-aged high-forest stands in northern France. Ann. For. Sci. 62 (5), 391–402.
  • Bergmeyer, H.U. (ed.). 1970. Methoden der Enzymatischen Analyse, Akademie Verlag, vol.1, p. 636-562.
  • Blake, G.R. 1965. Bulk density. In: The effects of different land uses on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in Bartın province. (Kara, O & Bolat, I), Turk J. Agric. F. 32 (2008) 281-288.
  • Bond B.J. 2000. Age-related changes in photosynthesis of woody plants. Trends Plant Science 5: 349-353.
  • Bouyoucos G.J. 1936. Direction for Making Mechanical Analysis of Soils by the Hydrometer Method, Soil Science, 42, 225-229.
  • Bouyoucos G.J. 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agron. J. 54: 595-622.
  • Buchanan-Wollaston V. 1997. The Molecular Biology of Leaf Senescence. J. Exp. Bot., 48, 181-199.
  • Cakmak I., Hengeler C., Marschner H. 1994. Changes in phloem export of sucrose in leaves in response to phosphorus, potassium.
  • Cakmak I. 1994. Activity of ascorbate-dependent H2O2-scavenging enzymes and leaf chlorosis are enhanced in magnesium and potassium deficient leaves, but not in phosphorus deficient leaves. J. Exp. Bot. 45, 1259-1266.
  • Cakmak I. 2002. Plant nutrition research: Priorities to meet human needs for food in sustainable ways. Plant Soil 247:3-24.
  • Cakmak I., Engels C. 1999. Role of mineral nutrients in photosynthesis and yield formation, in Rengel, Z.: Mineral Nutrition of Crops: Mechanisms and Implications. The Haworth Press, New York, USA, pp. 141-168.
  • Cakmak I., Graham R., Welch RM. 2002. Agricultural and molecular genetic approaches to improving nutrition and preventing Micronutrient malnutrition globally. In Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (section eds I. Cakmak & R.M. Welch), UNESCO-EOLSS Publishers Co. Ltd.,UK, pp: 1075-1099.
  • Cakmak I., Marschner H. 1992. Magnesium deficiency and high light intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in bean leaves. Plant Physiol. 98: 1222-1227.
  • Caliskan M., Cuming, A.C. 1998. Spatial specificity of H2O2-generating oxalate oxidase gene expression during wheat embryodevelopment. Plant Journal 15 (2): 165-171, 1998. 37.
  • Carrington J.C., Kasschau K.D., Mahajan S.K., Schaad M.C. 1996. Cell-to-cell and long distance transport of viruses in plants. Plant Cell 8: 1669-1688.
  • Carus S. 1995. Aynı Yaşlı Doğu Kayını (Fagus orientalis Lispky.) Meşcerelerinde Çap Artımının Meşcere Yağış ve Göğüs Yüzeyine Göre Değişimi. İ.Ü. Orman Fak. Der., Seri B, Cilt 45, Sayı 3-4, 95-109 s.
  • Chong, C.W., Tan, G.A., Wong, R.C., Riddle, M.J., & Tan, I.K. 2009. DGGE fingerprinting of bacteria in soils from eight ecologically different sites around Casey Station, Antarctica. Polar Biology, 32(6), 853-860.
  • Choudhury S., Panda S.K. 2004. Induction of oxidative stress and ultrastructural changes in moss Taxithelium nepalense (Schwaegr.) broth under lead and arsenic phytotoxicity Curr Sci. 87: 342-348.
  • Choy, E.J., Richard, P., Kim, K.R., & Kang, C.K. 2009. Quantifying the trophic base for benthic secondary production in the Nakdong River estuary of Korea using stable C and N isotopes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 382(1), 18-26.
  • Cruz F.J.R., Castro G.L.S., Silva Júnior D.D., Festucci-Buselli R.A., Pinheiro H.A. 2013. Exogenous glycine betaine modulates ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities and prevent lipid peroxidation in mild water-stressed Carapa guianensis plants. Photosynthetica, 51, 102-108.
  • Çakmak İ. 2005. The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2005, 168, 521-530.
  • Dankov K., Busheva M., Stefanov D., Apostolova E.L. 2009. Relationship Between the Degree of Carotenoid Depletion and Function of the Photosynthetic Apparatus, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 96, 49-56.
  • Demiral T., Türkan İ. 2005. Comparative lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense systems and proline content in roots of two rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 53, 247–257.
  • Dickinson C.D., Altabella T., Chrispeels M.J. 1991. Slow-Growth Phenotype of Transgenic Tomato Expressing Apoplastic Invertase. Plant Physiol., 95, 420-425.
  • DMİ 2016. Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Gn. Md., Kastamonu Meteoroloji İl Müdürlüğü, İnebolu Meteoroloji İstasyonu Verileri, 1960-2015. Kastamonu.
  • Eksperiandova, L.P., Fedorov, O.I., Stepanenko, N.A. 2011. Estimation of metrological characteristics of the element analyzer EuroVector EA-3000 and its potential in the single-reactor CHNS mode. Microchemical journal, 99 (2), 235-238.
  • Eubel H., Jaencsh L., Braun H.P. 2003. A New insights into respiratory Chain of Plany mitochondria. Supercomplexes and a unique composition of complex II. Plant Physiology,133: 274-286.
  • Foyer C.H., Bloom A.J., Queval G., Noctor G. 2009. Photorespiratory Metabolism: Genes, Mutants, Energetics, and Redox Signaling. Annual Review of Plant Biology, Vol.60, (June 2009), pp. 455-484.
  • Foyer C.H., Noctor G. 2005. Oxidant and antioxidant signaling in plants: a re-evaluation of the concept of oxidative stress in a physiological context. Plant Cell Environ 28: 1056-1071.
  • Foyer C.H., Shigeoka S. 2011. Understanding oxidative stress and antioxidant functions to enhance photosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 155: 93-100.
  • Foyer CH., Vanacker H., Gornez LD., Harbinsonv J. 2002. Regulation of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in maize leaves at optimal and chilling temperatures: review. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 40: 659-668.
  • Frankenstein C., Eckstein D., Schmitt U. 2005. The onset of cambium activity- a matter of agreement? Dendrochronologia 23: 57-62.
  • Gamon J.A., Sims D.A. 2002. Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structure and developmental stages. Remote Sensing of Environment 81, 337-354.
  • Gan S. 2003. Mitotic and Postmitotic Senescence in Plants. Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ., 2003 (38), RE7.
  • Gechevt T., Gadjev I., Breusegem F.V., Inzed D., Dukindjiev S., Toneva V., Minkov I. 2002. Hydrogen peroxide protects tobacco from oxidative stress by inducing a set of antioxidant enzymes. Cell. Mol. Life Sciences 59-708.
  • Geigenberger P., Kolbe A., Tiessen A. 2005. Redox regulation of carbon storage and partitioning in response to light and sugars. J Exp Bot, 56: 1469-1479.
  • Gitelson A.A., Zur Y., Chivkunova O.B., Merzlyak M.N. 2002. Assessing carotenoid content in plant leaves with reflectance spectroscopy.
  • Göl, C., and Öner, R. 2003. Çankırı-Eldivan-Korubaşı Mevkii Doğal ve Yapay Orman Kuruluşlarının Bazı Toprak ve Silvikültürel Özellikleri Yönünden İncelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Dergisi: 3-1, 1-18.
  • Gregersen P.L., Culetic A., Boschian L., Krupinska K. 2013. Plant senescence and crop productivity. Plant Mol. Biol., 82, 603-622.
  • Grewal JS., Singh S.N. 1980. Effect of potassium nutrition on frost damage and yield of potato plants on alluvial soils of the Punjab (India). Plant Soil 57: 105-110.
  • Gully K., Hander T., Boller T., Bartels S. 2015. Perception of Arabidopsis AtPep peptides, but not bacterial elicitors, accelerates starvation induced senescence. Front. Plant. Sci., doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00014.
  • Gülçur F. 1974. Toprağın Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Analiz Metodları, İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, İ. Ü. Yayın No: 1970, O. F. Yayın No: 201, Kutulmuş Matbaası, İstanbul.
  • Hadlington J.L., Denecke J. 2000. Sorting of soluble proteins in the secratary pathway of plants. Current Opinion İn Plant Biology, 3: 461-468.
  • Hamılton J.G., Zangerl A.R., Delucia E.H., Berenbaum, M.H. 2001. The carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis: its rise and Fall. Ecology Letters 4: 86-95.
  • Hammond J.P., White P.J. 2008. Sucrose transport in the phloem.. İntegrating root responses to phosphorus starvation. Journal Experimintal Botany 59: 109-113.
  • Hansch R., Mendel R.R. 2009. Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mo, B, Cl). Curr. Opin. Plant. Biol., 12: 259-266.
  • Heidari Y., Moaveni P. 2009. Study of drought stress on ABA accumulation and proline among in different genotypes forage corn. Res. J. of Biol Sci, 4(10): 1121-1124.
  • Hemandez T., Moral R., Perez-Espinosa A., Moreno-Caselles l., Perez-Murcia M.D., Oarcia C. 2002. Nitrogen mineralisation potential in calcareous soils amended with sewage sludge. Biores. Technol.,83: 213-219.
  • Hendry G.A.F., Price A.H. 1993. Stress indicators: chlorophylls and Carotenoids. Chapman and Hall, London, 148-152 pp.
  • Herzog V., Fahimi H. 1973. Anal. Biochem, 55, 554-562.
  • Huber S.C. 1986. Fructose 2,6 biphosphate as a regulatory metabolits in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. Platn Mol Biol. 37: 233-246.
  • Huber S.C., Huber J.L. 1996. Role and regulation of sucrose-phosphate synthase in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. Platn Mol Biol. 47: 431-444.
  • Huber S.C.1984. Biochemical basis for effects of K deficiency on assimilate export rate and accumulation of soluble sugars in soybean leaves. Plant Physiol. 76: 424-430.
  • Irmak A. 1954. Arazide ve laboratuvarda toprağın araştırılması metodları. İst. Ünv. Yay. No:559. Orman Fakültesi Yay No:27, Halk Matbaası, İstanbul.
  • Jackson M.L. 1962. Soil Chemical Analysis, Constable and Company Ld., London, England.
  • Jain M., Mathur G., Koul S., Sarin NB. 2001. Ameliorative effects of proline on salt stress-induced lipid peroxidation in cell lines of ground nut (Arachis hypogea L.). Plant Cell Rep. 20: 463-468.
  • Kacar B., Katkat A.V. 2007. Plant nutrition. Nobel publication No: 849. Science and biology publication series:29. Ankara, Turkey.
  • Kacprzyk J., Daly C.T., McCabe P.F. 2011. The Botanical Dance of Death: Programmed Cell Death in Plants. Advances in Botanical Research. K. Jean-Claude and D. Michel, Academic Press. Volume 60: 69-261.
  • Kadıoğlu A. 2004. Bitki fizyolojisi. Trabzon: Lokman Yayın, 453.
  • Kanazawa S., Sano S., Koshiba T., Ushimaru T. 2000. Changes in Antioxidative Enzymez in Cucumber Cotyledons during Natural Senescence: Comparison with Those during Dark-Induced Senescence. Physiol. Plant., 109, 211-216.
  • Kantarcı M.D. 1979. Aladağ Kütlesinin (Bolu) Aklanındaki Uludağ Göknarı Ormanlarındaki Yükselti-iklim Kuşaklarına Göre Bazı Ölü Örtü ve Toprak Özelliklerinin Analitik Olarak Araştırılması, İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, No: 2634, Orman Fakültesi Yay. No:274, Matbaa Teknisyenleri Basımevi, İstanbul.
  • Karaöz M.Ö. 1992. Yaprak ve Ölü Örtü Analiz Yöntemleri. İ.Ü. Orman Fak. Der., Seri B, Cilt 42, Sayı 1-2, 57-71 s.
  • Keyvan S. 2010. The effects of drought stress on yield, relative water content, proline, soluble carbohydrates and chlorophyll of bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences. Vol. 8, Issue 3: 1051- 1060.
  • Kıkuzawa K. 1995. Leaf phenology as an optimal strategy for carbon gain in plants. Canadian Journal of Botany 73: 158-163.
  • Komnrınk E., Kruger N.J. 1984 Inhibition by metabolic intermediates of pyrophosphate: fructose 6-phosphate phosphotransferase from germinating castor bean endosperm. Z Pflanzenphysiol 114: 443-453.
  • Krömer S. 1995. Respiration during photosynthesis. Annual Reviews of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 46:45-70.
  • Kruger E.L., Volin J.C. 2006. Re-examining the Empirical Relationship Between Plant Growth and Leaf Photosynthesis. Functional Plant Biology, Vol.33, No.5, (May 2005),pp. 421-429.
  • Krugger R. 1997. Carbohydrate synthesis and degradation. In Plant Metabolism, 2nd ed, DT Dennis, Turpin D.H., Lefebvre D.D., Layzell D.B., Longman, Singapore, pp:83-104.
  • Lalondle S., Wipf D., Frommer. W.B. 2004. Transport mechanism for organic forms of carbon and nitrogen between source and sink. Annıal Review Plant Biology 55: 341-372.
  • Lanner R.M. 2002. Why do trees live so long? Ageing Research Reviews 1: 653-671.
  • Lanner R.M., Connor K.F. 2001. Does bristlecone pine senesce? Experimental Gerontology 36: 675-685.
  • Lemoine R. 2000. Sucrose transporters in plants: update on function and structure. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1465:246-262.
  • Levitt J. 1980. Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses, Vol. II. 2nd ed. Academic Press. NewYork, 607 pp.
  • Lichtenhaler H.K. 1996. Vegetation stress: An introduction to the stress concept in plants. J Plant Physiol, 148: 4-14.
  • Llyod J.R., Kossmann J., Ritte G. 2005. Leaf starch degradation comes out of the shadow. Trends in Plant Science, 10: 130-137.
  • Lohaus G., Fischer K. 2002. İntracellular and intercellular transport of nitrogen and carbon. In Foyer C.H. and Noctor G., (eds), Advances in Photosytnhesis: Photosynthetic Assimilation and Associated Carbon Metabolism,pp:239-263. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Niederlande.
  • Lohman K.N., Gan S., John CM., Amasino R. 1994. Molecular Analysis of Natural Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol. Plant., 92, 322-328.
  • Lutts S., Kinet J.M., Bouharmont J. 1996. Effects of various salts and of mannitol on ion and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus cultures. J. Plant Physiol. 149, 186-195.
  • Makineci E. 1999. Araştırma Ormanındaki Baltalıkların Koruya Dönüştürülmesi İşlemlerinin Ölü Örtü ve Topraktaki Azot Değişimine Etkileri. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, 213s. İstanbul.
  • Manuela D.M., Coelhe D., Barrote I., Maria J.C.1998. Leaf age effects on photosynthetic activity and sugar accumulation in droughted and rewatered Lupinus albus plants. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 25(3) 299-306.
  • Marschner H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd ed.,Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
  • Marschner H., Cakmak I. 1989. High light intensity enhances chlorosis and necrosis in leaves of zinc-, potassium- and magnesium-deficient bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants. J. Plant Physiol. 134: 308-315.
  • Millar A.H., Mittova V., Kiddle G., Heazlewood J.L., Bartoli C.G., Theodoulou F.L., et al. 2003. Control of ascorbate synthesis by respiration and its implication for stress responses. Plant Physiol, 133: 443-7.
  • Morrell S., Rees A.P.T. 1986. Sugar metabolism in developing tubers of Solanum tuberosum. Phytochemistry 7: 1579-1585.
  • Moura J.C.M.S., Bonine C.A.V., de Oliveira F.V.J., Dornelas M.C., Mazzafera P. 2010. Abiotic and biotic stresses and changes in the lignin content and composition in plants. J. Integr. Plant Biol.52, 360-376.
  • Moura-Sobczak J., Souza U., Mazzafera P. 2011. Drought stress and changes in the lignin content and composition in Eucalyptus. BMC Proc. 5, 103.
  • Nakano Y., Asada K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-spesific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol. 22 (5), 867–880.
  • Nielsen T.H., Rung J.H., Villadsen D. 2004. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate: Atraffic signai in plant metabolism. Trends in Plant Science 9: 556-563.
  • Nooden L.D., Penney J.P. 2001. Correlative Controls of Senescence and Plant Death in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae). J. Exp. Bot., 52, 2151-2159.
  • Oleksyn J., Zytkowiak R., Reich P.B., Tjoelker M.B., Karolewski P. 2000. Ontogenetic Patterns of Leaf CO2 Exchange. Morphology and Chemistry in Betula pendula trees. Trees, 14, 271-281.
  • Özyuvacı, N. 1976. Arnavutköy Deresi Yağış Havzasında Hidrolojik Durumu Etkileyen Bazı Bitki-Toprak-Su İlişkileri. İ.Ü. Orman Fak. Yay. No:221, İstanbul.
  • Palett K. E., Young A.J. 1993. Carotenoids. In Antioxidants in Higher Plants (Edited by R. G. Alscher and J. L. Hess), pp. 60–89. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL.
  • Palma, J.M., Sandalino, L.M., Corpas, F.J., Romero- Puertas, M.C., McCharty, I., Del Rio, L.A. 2002. Plant Proteases, Protein Degradation, and Oxidative Stress: Role of Peroxisomes. Plant. Physiol. Biochem., 40, 521-530.
  • Pearson D., Melon H.K., Ronald S. 1976. Chemical analysis of Food,8th edition.
  • Pennell R., Lamb C.1997. Programmed Cell Death in Plants.The Plant Cell 9: 1157-1168.
  • Pinedo M.L., Hernandez G.F., Conde R.D., Tognetti J.A. 2000. Effect of low temperature on the protein metabolism of wheat leaves. Plant Biology, 43: 363-367.
  • Plaxton W.C. 1996. The organisation and regulation of plant glycolysis. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. Pp:47: 185-214.
  • Ponge J.F., Chevalier R. 2006. Humus index as an indicator of forest stand and soil properties. For. Ecol. Manage. 233 (1), 165-175.
  • Poorter H., Nagel O. 2000. The role of biomass allocation in the growth response of plants to different levels of light, CO2, nutrients and water: a quantitative review. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 27(6), 595-607.
  • Quan L.J., Zhang B., Shi W.W., Li H.Y. 2008. Hydrogen peroxide in plants: A versatile molecule of the reactive oxygen species network. J Integrat Plant Biol, 50: 2-18.
  • Reyes-Arribas T., Barrett J.E., Huber D.J., Nell T.A., Clark D.G. 2001. Leaf Senescence in A Non-Yellowing Cultivar of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora). Physiol. Plant., 111, 540-544.
  • Rolland F., Moore B., Sheen J. 2002. Sugar Sensing and Signaling in Plants. Plant Cell, 14, S185-S205.
  • Rowell D.L. 1989. Soil acidity and alkalinity. In: Russell’s soil conditions and plant growth. Ed. A. Wild. Department of soil science, University of Reading. The Bath Press., Avon.
  • Rowell D.L. 1994. Soil science: methods and applications. Longman Scientific and Technical, Singapore.
  • Sage R.F., Kubien D.S. 2007. The Temperature response of C3 and C4 photosynthesis. Journal Experimental Botany, 30: 1086-1106.
  • Sariyildiz T., Anderson J.M. 2005. Variation in the chemical composition of green leaves and leaf litters from three deciduous tree species growing on different soil types. Forest Ecology and Management, 210 (1-3), 303-319.
  • Sariyildiz T., Anderson J.M. 2006. Intra-specific variation in cell Wall constituents of needle age classes of Pinus sylvestris in relation to soil fertility status in Southwest England. Silva Fennica 40(1): 15-26.
  • Sariyildiz T., Küçük M. 2009. Influence of slope position, stand type and rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) on litter decomposition rates of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) and spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link). Eur. J. Forest Res. 128: 351-360. doi:10. 1007/s10342-009-0270-x.
  • Smirnoff N. 2005. Ascorbate, Tocopherol and Carotenoids: Metabolism, Pathway Engineering and Functions. In: Smirnoff N, Ed. Antioxidants and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.p:53-86.
  • Smirnoff N., Cumbes Q.J. 1989. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of compatible solutes. Phytochemistry, 28: 1057-60.
  • Smith, W.O., A.R. Shields J.C., Dreyer J.C., Pelouin J.A., Asper V. 2011. Interannual variability in vertical export in the Ross Sea: Magnitude, composition, and environmental correlates, Deep Sea Res. Oceanogr. Res. Paper 58(2), 147-159.
  • Sofo A., Dichio B., Xiloyannis C., Masia A. 2004. Effects of different irradiance levels on some antioxidant enzymes and on malondialdehyde content during rewatering in olive tree. Plant Sci, 166, 293-302.
  • Soydam A.S., Aras S. 2012. Relationships among lipid peroxidation, enzyme activity and gene expression profiles of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Lycopersicum esculentum L. exposed to cold stress, (unpublished manuscript).
  • Stessman D., Miller A., Spalding M., Rodermel S. 2002. Regulation of Photosynthesis During Arabidopsis Leaf Development in Continuous Light. Photosyn. Res., 72, 27-37.
  • Stitt M., Cseke C. 1987. Alterations of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate during plant respiratory metabolism. In M Gibbs, ed, Hungarian-USA Binational Symposium on Photosynthesis, Salve Regina College, August 15-18, 1986.
  • Sweeney C., Hansell D.A., Carlson C.A., Codispoti L.A., Gordon I.L., Marra J., Millero F.J., Smith W.O., Takahashi T. 2000. Biogeochemical regimes, net community production and carbon export in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, Deep Sea Res. Topic. Stud. Oceanogr.,47(15–16), 3369–3394.
  • Şenyurt M., Saraçoğlu Ö. 2012. Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) Meşcereleri İçin Bonitet Tablosunun Düzenlenmesi. Kastamonu Üni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (1): 102-111.
  • Şevik H., Topaçoğlu O., Umur R., Çiftçioğlu S. 2013. Uludağ Göknarı (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana mattf.)’nda 2+1 Yaşlı Fidan Morfolojik Özellikleri Bakımından Populasyonlar Arası Farklılıklar. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi/The Black Sea Journal of Sciences 3(9):91-102.
  • Şimşek Z., Öner N. 2003. Ilgaz (Derbent ve Doruk)'da Uludağ göknarı (Abies nordmannıana subsp. bornmulleriana mattf.) meşcerelerinin silvikültürel özellikleri ile saptanan kabuk böcekleri ve mücadele yöntemleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri: A, Sayı: 2, 49-60.
  • Tan K.H. 2003. Humic matter in soil and environment, principles and controversies, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York.
  • Tanou G., Job C., Rajjou L., Arc E., Belghazi M., Diamantidis G. 2009.Proteomics reveals the over lapping roles of hydrogenperoxide and nitricoxide in the acclimation of citrus plants to salinity. PlantJ. 60: 795-804.
  • Thompson M.V. 2006. Phloem: The long and the short it. Trends in Plant Science 11: 2309-2317.
  • Tsanko S.G., Hille J. 2005. Hydrogen peroxide as a signal controlling plant programmed cell deathThe Journal of Cell Biology, 168 (1):17-20.
  • Tsay Y., Ho C., Chen H., Lin S. 2011. Integration of nitrogen and potassium signaling. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 62, 207-226. doi:10. 1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103837).
  • Turkyilmaz S., Ozturk, M., Guvensen A. 2011. Proline accummulation in some coastal zone plants of the aegean region of Turkey. The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology (Special Issue), Research Note Global Science Books, pp. 1-3.
  • http://www.ogm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Ormanlarimiz/TurkiyeOrmanVarligi.aspx (URL1, 2016).
  • Velikova V., Yordanov I., Edrava A. 2000. Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants. Protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Science, 151, 59-66.
  • Viet H.D., Kwak J.H., Lee K.S., Lim S.S., Matsushima M., Chang S.X., Lee K.H., Choi W.J. 2013. Foliar chemistry and tree ring d13C of Pinus densiflora in relation to tree growth along a soil pH gradient. Plant Soil 363, 101-112.
  • Wang H.L., Lee P.D., Chen W.L., Huang D.J. and Su J.C. 2000.Osmotic stress-induced changes of sucrose metabolism in cultured sweet potato cells, J. Exp.Bot., 51: 1991-1999.
  • Winter H., Huber S.C. 2000. Regulation of Sucrose Metbolism in Higher Plants.: Localisation and Regulation of Activity of Key Enzymes. Critical Review Plants Sciences 19: 31-67.
  • Witham F.H., Blaydes D.F., Devlin R.M. 1971. Experiments in plant physiology. pp 55-56. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
  • Yadeghari L.Z., Heidari R. Carapetian J. 2008. The influence of cold acclimation on proline, malondialdeyde (MAD), total protein and pigments contents in soybean (Glycine max) seedlings. Research J. of Biolo. Sci., 3(1):74-79.
  • Yoshida K. 2003. Molecular regulation of leaf senescence. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 6:79-84.Zeaaman S.C., Smith S.M., Smith A.M. 2007. The diurnal metabolism of leaf starca . Biochemical Journal 401: 13-28.
  • Yurtseven, R., Tarakcılar, A.R., & Topçu, M. 2013. Dolgu Maddesi Olarak Kullanılan Farklı Uçucu Küllerin Sert Poliüretan Köpük Malzemelerin Mekanik Özellikleri İle Isıl Ve Yanma Davranışları Üzerine Etkileri. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(4).
  • Zheng M., Meng Y., Yang C., Zhou Z., Wang Y., Chen B. 2014. Protein expression changes during cotton fiber elongation in response to drought stress and recovery. Proteomics, 14, 1776-1795.

Variation in Some Chemical Compounds of the Uludağ fir and Scots Pine Needles in relation to Stand Age and Some Soil Properties

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 0 - 0, 01.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.289769

Öz

Forests are natural resources that bind carbon dioxide, regulate water and mineral cycling, protect soil
and water, influence climate and the most importantly provide oxygen in atmosphere as such they also
offer economic and sociocultural benefits. Fir and pine are evergreen and they are ecologically and
economically important forest trees. This present study aimed at determining the effects of age and soil
properties on some chemical compounds in needles of Uludağ fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp.
bornmulleriana) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestri L.) tree species growing in Kastamonu region in Turkey.
The needle samples were collected from different tree-age classes of Uludağ fir (100, 90, 60 and 38 yearold)
and Scots pine (30 and 18 year-old), and analyzed for photosynthetic pigment, proline, total soluble
protein, glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch (polysaccharide), peroxidation level (MDA-malondialdehyde),
H2O2, APx, GPx, CAT and SOD activities. Results showed that 90 year-old fir needles had the highest
photosynthetic pigment, glucose, starch (polysaccharide), MDA, H2O2, APx, GPx and CAT activity,
whereas they showed the lowest prolin and protein. 38 year-old fir needles showed the highest proline and
protein, but had lower photosynthetic pigment, glucose, starch and MDA (malondialdehyde). As for Scots
pine, 18 year-old needles had higher photosynthetic pigment, proline, protein, APx, GPx and CAT
activities, while 30 year-old needles had higher glucose, starch and SOD activity. When all results are evaluated, it is seen that 90 year-old fir tree and 18 year-old Scots pine tree have superior properties, but
among two tree species are compared, fir trees are more tolerant species than Scots pine. In addition, it is
also concluded that the behavior of forest trees with soil properties show variation with tree species and
tree age. However, more detailed studies using different tree species and tree ages are needed to reach the
final conclusion.

Keywords: Turkish Fir, Scots Pine, Tree Age, Chemical Constituents

Kaynakça

  • Akbaş B., Akdeniz N., Aksay A., Altun İ., Balcı V., Bilginer E., Bilgiç T., Duru M., Ercan T., Gedik İ., Günay Y., Güven İ.H., Hakyemez H.Y., Konak N., Papak İ., Pehlivan Ş., Sevin M., Şenel M., Tarhan N., Turhan N., Türkecan A., Ulu Ü., Uğuz M.F., Yurtsever A. vd. 2014. Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını. Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Arnon D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology 24: 1-10.
  • Bates L.S., Waldern R.P., Teare I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil 39: 205-207.
  • Bellamy C.O.C., Malcomson R.D.G., Harrison D.J. Wyllie A.H. 1995. Cell death in health and disease: the biology and regulation of apoptosis. Seminar in Cancer Biol. 6: 3-16.
  • Berges L., Chevalier R., Dumas Y., Franc A., Gilbert J.M. 2005. Sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) site index variations in relation to climate, topography and soil in even-aged high-forest stands in northern France. Ann. For. Sci. 62 (5), 391–402.
  • Bergmeyer, H.U. (ed.). 1970. Methoden der Enzymatischen Analyse, Akademie Verlag, vol.1, p. 636-562.
  • Blake, G.R. 1965. Bulk density. In: The effects of different land uses on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in Bartın province. (Kara, O & Bolat, I), Turk J. Agric. F. 32 (2008) 281-288.
  • Bond B.J. 2000. Age-related changes in photosynthesis of woody plants. Trends Plant Science 5: 349-353.
  • Bouyoucos G.J. 1936. Direction for Making Mechanical Analysis of Soils by the Hydrometer Method, Soil Science, 42, 225-229.
  • Bouyoucos G.J. 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agron. J. 54: 595-622.
  • Buchanan-Wollaston V. 1997. The Molecular Biology of Leaf Senescence. J. Exp. Bot., 48, 181-199.
  • Cakmak I., Hengeler C., Marschner H. 1994. Changes in phloem export of sucrose in leaves in response to phosphorus, potassium.
  • Cakmak I. 1994. Activity of ascorbate-dependent H2O2-scavenging enzymes and leaf chlorosis are enhanced in magnesium and potassium deficient leaves, but not in phosphorus deficient leaves. J. Exp. Bot. 45, 1259-1266.
  • Cakmak I. 2002. Plant nutrition research: Priorities to meet human needs for food in sustainable ways. Plant Soil 247:3-24.
  • Cakmak I., Engels C. 1999. Role of mineral nutrients in photosynthesis and yield formation, in Rengel, Z.: Mineral Nutrition of Crops: Mechanisms and Implications. The Haworth Press, New York, USA, pp. 141-168.
  • Cakmak I., Graham R., Welch RM. 2002. Agricultural and molecular genetic approaches to improving nutrition and preventing Micronutrient malnutrition globally. In Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (section eds I. Cakmak & R.M. Welch), UNESCO-EOLSS Publishers Co. Ltd.,UK, pp: 1075-1099.
  • Cakmak I., Marschner H. 1992. Magnesium deficiency and high light intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in bean leaves. Plant Physiol. 98: 1222-1227.
  • Caliskan M., Cuming, A.C. 1998. Spatial specificity of H2O2-generating oxalate oxidase gene expression during wheat embryodevelopment. Plant Journal 15 (2): 165-171, 1998. 37.
  • Carrington J.C., Kasschau K.D., Mahajan S.K., Schaad M.C. 1996. Cell-to-cell and long distance transport of viruses in plants. Plant Cell 8: 1669-1688.
  • Carus S. 1995. Aynı Yaşlı Doğu Kayını (Fagus orientalis Lispky.) Meşcerelerinde Çap Artımının Meşcere Yağış ve Göğüs Yüzeyine Göre Değişimi. İ.Ü. Orman Fak. Der., Seri B, Cilt 45, Sayı 3-4, 95-109 s.
  • Chong, C.W., Tan, G.A., Wong, R.C., Riddle, M.J., & Tan, I.K. 2009. DGGE fingerprinting of bacteria in soils from eight ecologically different sites around Casey Station, Antarctica. Polar Biology, 32(6), 853-860.
  • Choudhury S., Panda S.K. 2004. Induction of oxidative stress and ultrastructural changes in moss Taxithelium nepalense (Schwaegr.) broth under lead and arsenic phytotoxicity Curr Sci. 87: 342-348.
  • Choy, E.J., Richard, P., Kim, K.R., & Kang, C.K. 2009. Quantifying the trophic base for benthic secondary production in the Nakdong River estuary of Korea using stable C and N isotopes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 382(1), 18-26.
  • Cruz F.J.R., Castro G.L.S., Silva Júnior D.D., Festucci-Buselli R.A., Pinheiro H.A. 2013. Exogenous glycine betaine modulates ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities and prevent lipid peroxidation in mild water-stressed Carapa guianensis plants. Photosynthetica, 51, 102-108.
  • Çakmak İ. 2005. The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2005, 168, 521-530.
  • Dankov K., Busheva M., Stefanov D., Apostolova E.L. 2009. Relationship Between the Degree of Carotenoid Depletion and Function of the Photosynthetic Apparatus, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 96, 49-56.
  • Demiral T., Türkan İ. 2005. Comparative lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense systems and proline content in roots of two rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 53, 247–257.
  • Dickinson C.D., Altabella T., Chrispeels M.J. 1991. Slow-Growth Phenotype of Transgenic Tomato Expressing Apoplastic Invertase. Plant Physiol., 95, 420-425.
  • DMİ 2016. Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Gn. Md., Kastamonu Meteoroloji İl Müdürlüğü, İnebolu Meteoroloji İstasyonu Verileri, 1960-2015. Kastamonu.
  • Eksperiandova, L.P., Fedorov, O.I., Stepanenko, N.A. 2011. Estimation of metrological characteristics of the element analyzer EuroVector EA-3000 and its potential in the single-reactor CHNS mode. Microchemical journal, 99 (2), 235-238.
  • Eubel H., Jaencsh L., Braun H.P. 2003. A New insights into respiratory Chain of Plany mitochondria. Supercomplexes and a unique composition of complex II. Plant Physiology,133: 274-286.
  • Foyer C.H., Bloom A.J., Queval G., Noctor G. 2009. Photorespiratory Metabolism: Genes, Mutants, Energetics, and Redox Signaling. Annual Review of Plant Biology, Vol.60, (June 2009), pp. 455-484.
  • Foyer C.H., Noctor G. 2005. Oxidant and antioxidant signaling in plants: a re-evaluation of the concept of oxidative stress in a physiological context. Plant Cell Environ 28: 1056-1071.
  • Foyer C.H., Shigeoka S. 2011. Understanding oxidative stress and antioxidant functions to enhance photosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 155: 93-100.
  • Foyer CH., Vanacker H., Gornez LD., Harbinsonv J. 2002. Regulation of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in maize leaves at optimal and chilling temperatures: review. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 40: 659-668.
  • Frankenstein C., Eckstein D., Schmitt U. 2005. The onset of cambium activity- a matter of agreement? Dendrochronologia 23: 57-62.
  • Gamon J.A., Sims D.A. 2002. Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structure and developmental stages. Remote Sensing of Environment 81, 337-354.
  • Gan S. 2003. Mitotic and Postmitotic Senescence in Plants. Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ., 2003 (38), RE7.
  • Gechevt T., Gadjev I., Breusegem F.V., Inzed D., Dukindjiev S., Toneva V., Minkov I. 2002. Hydrogen peroxide protects tobacco from oxidative stress by inducing a set of antioxidant enzymes. Cell. Mol. Life Sciences 59-708.
  • Geigenberger P., Kolbe A., Tiessen A. 2005. Redox regulation of carbon storage and partitioning in response to light and sugars. J Exp Bot, 56: 1469-1479.
  • Gitelson A.A., Zur Y., Chivkunova O.B., Merzlyak M.N. 2002. Assessing carotenoid content in plant leaves with reflectance spectroscopy.
  • Göl, C., and Öner, R. 2003. Çankırı-Eldivan-Korubaşı Mevkii Doğal ve Yapay Orman Kuruluşlarının Bazı Toprak ve Silvikültürel Özellikleri Yönünden İncelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Dergisi: 3-1, 1-18.
  • Gregersen P.L., Culetic A., Boschian L., Krupinska K. 2013. Plant senescence and crop productivity. Plant Mol. Biol., 82, 603-622.
  • Grewal JS., Singh S.N. 1980. Effect of potassium nutrition on frost damage and yield of potato plants on alluvial soils of the Punjab (India). Plant Soil 57: 105-110.
  • Gully K., Hander T., Boller T., Bartels S. 2015. Perception of Arabidopsis AtPep peptides, but not bacterial elicitors, accelerates starvation induced senescence. Front. Plant. Sci., doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00014.
  • Gülçur F. 1974. Toprağın Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Analiz Metodları, İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, İ. Ü. Yayın No: 1970, O. F. Yayın No: 201, Kutulmuş Matbaası, İstanbul.
  • Hadlington J.L., Denecke J. 2000. Sorting of soluble proteins in the secratary pathway of plants. Current Opinion İn Plant Biology, 3: 461-468.
  • Hamılton J.G., Zangerl A.R., Delucia E.H., Berenbaum, M.H. 2001. The carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis: its rise and Fall. Ecology Letters 4: 86-95.
  • Hammond J.P., White P.J. 2008. Sucrose transport in the phloem.. İntegrating root responses to phosphorus starvation. Journal Experimintal Botany 59: 109-113.
  • Hansch R., Mendel R.R. 2009. Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mo, B, Cl). Curr. Opin. Plant. Biol., 12: 259-266.
  • Heidari Y., Moaveni P. 2009. Study of drought stress on ABA accumulation and proline among in different genotypes forage corn. Res. J. of Biol Sci, 4(10): 1121-1124.
  • Hemandez T., Moral R., Perez-Espinosa A., Moreno-Caselles l., Perez-Murcia M.D., Oarcia C. 2002. Nitrogen mineralisation potential in calcareous soils amended with sewage sludge. Biores. Technol.,83: 213-219.
  • Hendry G.A.F., Price A.H. 1993. Stress indicators: chlorophylls and Carotenoids. Chapman and Hall, London, 148-152 pp.
  • Herzog V., Fahimi H. 1973. Anal. Biochem, 55, 554-562.
  • Huber S.C. 1986. Fructose 2,6 biphosphate as a regulatory metabolits in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. Platn Mol Biol. 37: 233-246.
  • Huber S.C., Huber J.L. 1996. Role and regulation of sucrose-phosphate synthase in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. Platn Mol Biol. 47: 431-444.
  • Huber S.C.1984. Biochemical basis for effects of K deficiency on assimilate export rate and accumulation of soluble sugars in soybean leaves. Plant Physiol. 76: 424-430.
  • Irmak A. 1954. Arazide ve laboratuvarda toprağın araştırılması metodları. İst. Ünv. Yay. No:559. Orman Fakültesi Yay No:27, Halk Matbaası, İstanbul.
  • Jackson M.L. 1962. Soil Chemical Analysis, Constable and Company Ld., London, England.
  • Jain M., Mathur G., Koul S., Sarin NB. 2001. Ameliorative effects of proline on salt stress-induced lipid peroxidation in cell lines of ground nut (Arachis hypogea L.). Plant Cell Rep. 20: 463-468.
  • Kacar B., Katkat A.V. 2007. Plant nutrition. Nobel publication No: 849. Science and biology publication series:29. Ankara, Turkey.
  • Kacprzyk J., Daly C.T., McCabe P.F. 2011. The Botanical Dance of Death: Programmed Cell Death in Plants. Advances in Botanical Research. K. Jean-Claude and D. Michel, Academic Press. Volume 60: 69-261.
  • Kadıoğlu A. 2004. Bitki fizyolojisi. Trabzon: Lokman Yayın, 453.
  • Kanazawa S., Sano S., Koshiba T., Ushimaru T. 2000. Changes in Antioxidative Enzymez in Cucumber Cotyledons during Natural Senescence: Comparison with Those during Dark-Induced Senescence. Physiol. Plant., 109, 211-216.
  • Kantarcı M.D. 1979. Aladağ Kütlesinin (Bolu) Aklanındaki Uludağ Göknarı Ormanlarındaki Yükselti-iklim Kuşaklarına Göre Bazı Ölü Örtü ve Toprak Özelliklerinin Analitik Olarak Araştırılması, İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, No: 2634, Orman Fakültesi Yay. No:274, Matbaa Teknisyenleri Basımevi, İstanbul.
  • Karaöz M.Ö. 1992. Yaprak ve Ölü Örtü Analiz Yöntemleri. İ.Ü. Orman Fak. Der., Seri B, Cilt 42, Sayı 1-2, 57-71 s.
  • Keyvan S. 2010. The effects of drought stress on yield, relative water content, proline, soluble carbohydrates and chlorophyll of bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences. Vol. 8, Issue 3: 1051- 1060.
  • Kıkuzawa K. 1995. Leaf phenology as an optimal strategy for carbon gain in plants. Canadian Journal of Botany 73: 158-163.
  • Komnrınk E., Kruger N.J. 1984 Inhibition by metabolic intermediates of pyrophosphate: fructose 6-phosphate phosphotransferase from germinating castor bean endosperm. Z Pflanzenphysiol 114: 443-453.
  • Krömer S. 1995. Respiration during photosynthesis. Annual Reviews of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 46:45-70.
  • Kruger E.L., Volin J.C. 2006. Re-examining the Empirical Relationship Between Plant Growth and Leaf Photosynthesis. Functional Plant Biology, Vol.33, No.5, (May 2005),pp. 421-429.
  • Krugger R. 1997. Carbohydrate synthesis and degradation. In Plant Metabolism, 2nd ed, DT Dennis, Turpin D.H., Lefebvre D.D., Layzell D.B., Longman, Singapore, pp:83-104.
  • Lalondle S., Wipf D., Frommer. W.B. 2004. Transport mechanism for organic forms of carbon and nitrogen between source and sink. Annıal Review Plant Biology 55: 341-372.
  • Lanner R.M. 2002. Why do trees live so long? Ageing Research Reviews 1: 653-671.
  • Lanner R.M., Connor K.F. 2001. Does bristlecone pine senesce? Experimental Gerontology 36: 675-685.
  • Lemoine R. 2000. Sucrose transporters in plants: update on function and structure. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1465:246-262.
  • Levitt J. 1980. Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses, Vol. II. 2nd ed. Academic Press. NewYork, 607 pp.
  • Lichtenhaler H.K. 1996. Vegetation stress: An introduction to the stress concept in plants. J Plant Physiol, 148: 4-14.
  • Llyod J.R., Kossmann J., Ritte G. 2005. Leaf starch degradation comes out of the shadow. Trends in Plant Science, 10: 130-137.
  • Lohaus G., Fischer K. 2002. İntracellular and intercellular transport of nitrogen and carbon. In Foyer C.H. and Noctor G., (eds), Advances in Photosytnhesis: Photosynthetic Assimilation and Associated Carbon Metabolism,pp:239-263. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Niederlande.
  • Lohman K.N., Gan S., John CM., Amasino R. 1994. Molecular Analysis of Natural Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol. Plant., 92, 322-328.
  • Lutts S., Kinet J.M., Bouharmont J. 1996. Effects of various salts and of mannitol on ion and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus cultures. J. Plant Physiol. 149, 186-195.
  • Makineci E. 1999. Araştırma Ormanındaki Baltalıkların Koruya Dönüştürülmesi İşlemlerinin Ölü Örtü ve Topraktaki Azot Değişimine Etkileri. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, 213s. İstanbul.
  • Manuela D.M., Coelhe D., Barrote I., Maria J.C.1998. Leaf age effects on photosynthetic activity and sugar accumulation in droughted and rewatered Lupinus albus plants. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 25(3) 299-306.
  • Marschner H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 2nd ed.,Academic Press, San Diego, USA.
  • Marschner H., Cakmak I. 1989. High light intensity enhances chlorosis and necrosis in leaves of zinc-, potassium- and magnesium-deficient bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants. J. Plant Physiol. 134: 308-315.
  • Millar A.H., Mittova V., Kiddle G., Heazlewood J.L., Bartoli C.G., Theodoulou F.L., et al. 2003. Control of ascorbate synthesis by respiration and its implication for stress responses. Plant Physiol, 133: 443-7.
  • Morrell S., Rees A.P.T. 1986. Sugar metabolism in developing tubers of Solanum tuberosum. Phytochemistry 7: 1579-1585.
  • Moura J.C.M.S., Bonine C.A.V., de Oliveira F.V.J., Dornelas M.C., Mazzafera P. 2010. Abiotic and biotic stresses and changes in the lignin content and composition in plants. J. Integr. Plant Biol.52, 360-376.
  • Moura-Sobczak J., Souza U., Mazzafera P. 2011. Drought stress and changes in the lignin content and composition in Eucalyptus. BMC Proc. 5, 103.
  • Nakano Y., Asada K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-spesific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol. 22 (5), 867–880.
  • Nielsen T.H., Rung J.H., Villadsen D. 2004. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate: Atraffic signai in plant metabolism. Trends in Plant Science 9: 556-563.
  • Nooden L.D., Penney J.P. 2001. Correlative Controls of Senescence and Plant Death in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae). J. Exp. Bot., 52, 2151-2159.
  • Oleksyn J., Zytkowiak R., Reich P.B., Tjoelker M.B., Karolewski P. 2000. Ontogenetic Patterns of Leaf CO2 Exchange. Morphology and Chemistry in Betula pendula trees. Trees, 14, 271-281.
  • Özyuvacı, N. 1976. Arnavutköy Deresi Yağış Havzasında Hidrolojik Durumu Etkileyen Bazı Bitki-Toprak-Su İlişkileri. İ.Ü. Orman Fak. Yay. No:221, İstanbul.
  • Palett K. E., Young A.J. 1993. Carotenoids. In Antioxidants in Higher Plants (Edited by R. G. Alscher and J. L. Hess), pp. 60–89. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL.
  • Palma, J.M., Sandalino, L.M., Corpas, F.J., Romero- Puertas, M.C., McCharty, I., Del Rio, L.A. 2002. Plant Proteases, Protein Degradation, and Oxidative Stress: Role of Peroxisomes. Plant. Physiol. Biochem., 40, 521-530.
  • Pearson D., Melon H.K., Ronald S. 1976. Chemical analysis of Food,8th edition.
  • Pennell R., Lamb C.1997. Programmed Cell Death in Plants.The Plant Cell 9: 1157-1168.
  • Pinedo M.L., Hernandez G.F., Conde R.D., Tognetti J.A. 2000. Effect of low temperature on the protein metabolism of wheat leaves. Plant Biology, 43: 363-367.
  • Plaxton W.C. 1996. The organisation and regulation of plant glycolysis. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. Pp:47: 185-214.
  • Ponge J.F., Chevalier R. 2006. Humus index as an indicator of forest stand and soil properties. For. Ecol. Manage. 233 (1), 165-175.
  • Poorter H., Nagel O. 2000. The role of biomass allocation in the growth response of plants to different levels of light, CO2, nutrients and water: a quantitative review. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 27(6), 595-607.
  • Quan L.J., Zhang B., Shi W.W., Li H.Y. 2008. Hydrogen peroxide in plants: A versatile molecule of the reactive oxygen species network. J Integrat Plant Biol, 50: 2-18.
  • Reyes-Arribas T., Barrett J.E., Huber D.J., Nell T.A., Clark D.G. 2001. Leaf Senescence in A Non-Yellowing Cultivar of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora). Physiol. Plant., 111, 540-544.
  • Rolland F., Moore B., Sheen J. 2002. Sugar Sensing and Signaling in Plants. Plant Cell, 14, S185-S205.
  • Rowell D.L. 1989. Soil acidity and alkalinity. In: Russell’s soil conditions and plant growth. Ed. A. Wild. Department of soil science, University of Reading. The Bath Press., Avon.
  • Rowell D.L. 1994. Soil science: methods and applications. Longman Scientific and Technical, Singapore.
  • Sage R.F., Kubien D.S. 2007. The Temperature response of C3 and C4 photosynthesis. Journal Experimental Botany, 30: 1086-1106.
  • Sariyildiz T., Anderson J.M. 2005. Variation in the chemical composition of green leaves and leaf litters from three deciduous tree species growing on different soil types. Forest Ecology and Management, 210 (1-3), 303-319.
  • Sariyildiz T., Anderson J.M. 2006. Intra-specific variation in cell Wall constituents of needle age classes of Pinus sylvestris in relation to soil fertility status in Southwest England. Silva Fennica 40(1): 15-26.
  • Sariyildiz T., Küçük M. 2009. Influence of slope position, stand type and rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) on litter decomposition rates of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) and spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link). Eur. J. Forest Res. 128: 351-360. doi:10. 1007/s10342-009-0270-x.
  • Smirnoff N. 2005. Ascorbate, Tocopherol and Carotenoids: Metabolism, Pathway Engineering and Functions. In: Smirnoff N, Ed. Antioxidants and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.p:53-86.
  • Smirnoff N., Cumbes Q.J. 1989. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of compatible solutes. Phytochemistry, 28: 1057-60.
  • Smith, W.O., A.R. Shields J.C., Dreyer J.C., Pelouin J.A., Asper V. 2011. Interannual variability in vertical export in the Ross Sea: Magnitude, composition, and environmental correlates, Deep Sea Res. Oceanogr. Res. Paper 58(2), 147-159.
  • Sofo A., Dichio B., Xiloyannis C., Masia A. 2004. Effects of different irradiance levels on some antioxidant enzymes and on malondialdehyde content during rewatering in olive tree. Plant Sci, 166, 293-302.
  • Soydam A.S., Aras S. 2012. Relationships among lipid peroxidation, enzyme activity and gene expression profiles of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Lycopersicum esculentum L. exposed to cold stress, (unpublished manuscript).
  • Stessman D., Miller A., Spalding M., Rodermel S. 2002. Regulation of Photosynthesis During Arabidopsis Leaf Development in Continuous Light. Photosyn. Res., 72, 27-37.
  • Stitt M., Cseke C. 1987. Alterations of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate during plant respiratory metabolism. In M Gibbs, ed, Hungarian-USA Binational Symposium on Photosynthesis, Salve Regina College, August 15-18, 1986.
  • Sweeney C., Hansell D.A., Carlson C.A., Codispoti L.A., Gordon I.L., Marra J., Millero F.J., Smith W.O., Takahashi T. 2000. Biogeochemical regimes, net community production and carbon export in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, Deep Sea Res. Topic. Stud. Oceanogr.,47(15–16), 3369–3394.
  • Şenyurt M., Saraçoğlu Ö. 2012. Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) Meşcereleri İçin Bonitet Tablosunun Düzenlenmesi. Kastamonu Üni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (1): 102-111.
  • Şevik H., Topaçoğlu O., Umur R., Çiftçioğlu S. 2013. Uludağ Göknarı (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana mattf.)’nda 2+1 Yaşlı Fidan Morfolojik Özellikleri Bakımından Populasyonlar Arası Farklılıklar. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi/The Black Sea Journal of Sciences 3(9):91-102.
  • Şimşek Z., Öner N. 2003. Ilgaz (Derbent ve Doruk)'da Uludağ göknarı (Abies nordmannıana subsp. bornmulleriana mattf.) meşcerelerinin silvikültürel özellikleri ile saptanan kabuk böcekleri ve mücadele yöntemleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri: A, Sayı: 2, 49-60.
  • Tan K.H. 2003. Humic matter in soil and environment, principles and controversies, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York.
  • Tanou G., Job C., Rajjou L., Arc E., Belghazi M., Diamantidis G. 2009.Proteomics reveals the over lapping roles of hydrogenperoxide and nitricoxide in the acclimation of citrus plants to salinity. PlantJ. 60: 795-804.
  • Thompson M.V. 2006. Phloem: The long and the short it. Trends in Plant Science 11: 2309-2317.
  • Tsanko S.G., Hille J. 2005. Hydrogen peroxide as a signal controlling plant programmed cell deathThe Journal of Cell Biology, 168 (1):17-20.
  • Tsay Y., Ho C., Chen H., Lin S. 2011. Integration of nitrogen and potassium signaling. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 62, 207-226. doi:10. 1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103837).
  • Turkyilmaz S., Ozturk, M., Guvensen A. 2011. Proline accummulation in some coastal zone plants of the aegean region of Turkey. The European Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology (Special Issue), Research Note Global Science Books, pp. 1-3.
  • http://www.ogm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Ormanlarimiz/TurkiyeOrmanVarligi.aspx (URL1, 2016).
  • Velikova V., Yordanov I., Edrava A. 2000. Oxidative stress and some antioxidant systems in acid rain-treated bean plants. Protective role of exogenous polyamines. Plant Science, 151, 59-66.
  • Viet H.D., Kwak J.H., Lee K.S., Lim S.S., Matsushima M., Chang S.X., Lee K.H., Choi W.J. 2013. Foliar chemistry and tree ring d13C of Pinus densiflora in relation to tree growth along a soil pH gradient. Plant Soil 363, 101-112.
  • Wang H.L., Lee P.D., Chen W.L., Huang D.J. and Su J.C. 2000.Osmotic stress-induced changes of sucrose metabolism in cultured sweet potato cells, J. Exp.Bot., 51: 1991-1999.
  • Winter H., Huber S.C. 2000. Regulation of Sucrose Metbolism in Higher Plants.: Localisation and Regulation of Activity of Key Enzymes. Critical Review Plants Sciences 19: 31-67.
  • Witham F.H., Blaydes D.F., Devlin R.M. 1971. Experiments in plant physiology. pp 55-56. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
  • Yadeghari L.Z., Heidari R. Carapetian J. 2008. The influence of cold acclimation on proline, malondialdeyde (MAD), total protein and pigments contents in soybean (Glycine max) seedlings. Research J. of Biolo. Sci., 3(1):74-79.
  • Yoshida K. 2003. Molecular regulation of leaf senescence. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 6:79-84.Zeaaman S.C., Smith S.M., Smith A.M. 2007. The diurnal metabolism of leaf starca . Biochemical Journal 401: 13-28.
  • Yurtseven, R., Tarakcılar, A.R., & Topçu, M. 2013. Dolgu Maddesi Olarak Kullanılan Farklı Uçucu Küllerin Sert Poliüretan Köpük Malzemelerin Mekanik Özellikleri İle Isıl Ve Yanma Davranışları Üzerine Etkileri. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(4).
  • Zheng M., Meng Y., Yang C., Zhou Z., Wang Y., Chen B. 2014. Protein expression changes during cotton fiber elongation in response to drought stress and recovery. Proteomics, 14, 1776-1795.
Toplam 139 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nezahat Turfan

Gamze Savacı

Temel Sarıyıldız

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Turfan, N., Savacı, G., & Sarıyıldız, T. (2016). Variation in Some Chemical Compounds of the Uludağ fir and Scots Pine Needles in relation to Stand Age and Some Soil Properties. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.289769
AMA Turfan N, Savacı G, Sarıyıldız T. Variation in Some Chemical Compounds of the Uludağ fir and Scots Pine Needles in relation to Stand Age and Some Soil Properties. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. Aralık 2016;16(2). doi:10.17475/kastorman.289769
Chicago Turfan, Nezahat, Gamze Savacı, ve Temel Sarıyıldız. “Variation in Some Chemical Compounds of the Uludağ Fir and Scots Pine Needles in Relation to Stand Age and Some Soil Properties”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 16, sy. 2 (Aralık 2016). https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.289769.
EndNote Turfan N, Savacı G, Sarıyıldız T (01 Aralık 2016) Variation in Some Chemical Compounds of the Uludağ fir and Scots Pine Needles in relation to Stand Age and Some Soil Properties. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 16 2
IEEE N. Turfan, G. Savacı, ve T. Sarıyıldız, “Variation in Some Chemical Compounds of the Uludağ fir and Scots Pine Needles in relation to Stand Age and Some Soil Properties”, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, c. 16, sy. 2, 2016, doi: 10.17475/kastorman.289769.
ISNAD Turfan, Nezahat vd. “Variation in Some Chemical Compounds of the Uludağ Fir and Scots Pine Needles in Relation to Stand Age and Some Soil Properties”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 16/2 (Aralık 2016). https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.289769.
JAMA Turfan N, Savacı G, Sarıyıldız T. Variation in Some Chemical Compounds of the Uludağ fir and Scots Pine Needles in relation to Stand Age and Some Soil Properties. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2016;16. doi:10.17475/kastorman.289769.
MLA Turfan, Nezahat vd. “Variation in Some Chemical Compounds of the Uludağ Fir and Scots Pine Needles in Relation to Stand Age and Some Soil Properties”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, c. 16, sy. 2, 2016, doi:10.17475/kastorman.289769.
Vancouver Turfan N, Savacı G, Sarıyıldız T. Variation in Some Chemical Compounds of the Uludağ fir and Scots Pine Needles in relation to Stand Age and Some Soil Properties. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2016;16(2).

14178  14179       14165           14166           14167            14168